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Patients who used opioids only in the perioperative period or post\u2010operative period were designated as opioid\u2010na\u00efve. Predictors of opioid use at 6 and 12 months postoperatively and associations between preoperative opioid use and patient outcomes were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After institutional review board approval, we identified 253 patients (225 opioid\u2010na\u00efve and 28 opioid users ) who underwent ACLR from 2014 to 2018 at a single institution and had one year follow up (median: 11.6 months; interquartile range [8.9\u201014.3]). Patients with a history of preoperative opioid use (odds ratio [OR] 3.63,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.034), greater preoperative visual analog scale pain scores (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04\u20101.67;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .003), and greater body mass index (OR 1.09,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .018) were significantly more likely to be taking opioids at 6 months postoperatively. Patients with a perioperative opioid intake of greater than 513 oral morphine equivalents were significantly more likely to continue taking opioids at the 6 month (OR 3.17,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .024) and the 1 year (OR 3.34,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .048) postoperative time points. Patients with preoperative opioid use were significantly less likely to achieve the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) on the International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Sport, KOOS Joint Replacement, KOOS Pain, KOOS Symptoms, KOOS Quality of Life, and KOOS Activities of Daily Living.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative opioid use, body mass index &gt;30, and greater visual analog scale pain scores were predictors of continued opioid use at 6 months postoperatively. Preoperative opioid users were more likely to continue taking opioids, demonstrate significantly worse patient reported outcomes at baseline and 1\u2010year postoperatively, and were less likely to achieve patient acceptable symptomatic state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.06.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T13:42:26Z","timestamp":1592660546000},"page":"2681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Preoperative Opioid Use Predicts Prolonged Postoperative Opioid Use and Inferior Patient Outcomes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Enrico M.","family":"Forlenza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ophelie","family":"Lavoie\u2010Gagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam B.","family":"Yanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil N.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Forsythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois 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