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The inclusion criteria were clinical trials or cadaveric studies that assessed the accuracy of humeral head bone loss imaging or reliability and English\u2010language articles. The exclusion criteria were animal studies; imaging studies without measures of accuracy, reliability, or clinical predictive power; studies of shoulder injuries without humeral head bone loss; editorials; abstracts; reviews; case reports; and surveys. The search terms included \u201cimaging\u201d OR \u201cradiographic\u201d OR \u201cCT\u201d OR \u201cMRI\u201d AND \u201cHill\u2010Sachs\u201d OR \u201chumeral head bone loss.\u201d Assessment of the methodologic quality of the included studies was performed using the original Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty studies (2,560 shoulders) met the inclusion criteria and were assessed. For diagnosing the presence of Hill\u2010Sachs lesions, computed tomography (CT) arthrography had the highest reported accuracy (median, 91%; range, 66%\u2010100%). For the same assessment, CT arthrography also had the greatest reported sensitivity (median, 94%; range, 50%\u2010100%). For the quantification of Hill\u2010Sachs lesion parameters, reported intraobserver reliabilities were highest for 3\u2010dimensional (3D) CT (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] range, 0.916\u20100.999), followed by 2\u2010dimensional CT (ICC range, 0.858\u20100.861) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (ICC range, 0.28\u20100.97). For the same quantification parameters, interobserver reliabilities were also reported for 3D CT (ICC range, 0.772\u20100.996), 2\u2010dimensional CT (ICC\u00a0range, 0.721\u20100.879), and MRI (\u03ba range, 0.444\u20100.700). Intraobserver reliabilities for determining glenoid tracking were only reported for 3D CT (\u03ba range, 0.730\u20101.00; ICC range, 0.803\u20100.901) and MRI (ICC range, 0.770\u20100.790).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows that the current literature supports a variety of different imaging modalities that provide clinically acceptable accuracy in diagnosing and quantifying Hill\u2010Sachs lesions, as well as determining whether they will cause persistent anterior shoulder instability. Furthermore, this systematic review justifies that further research is needed to help develop a treatment algorithm on the proper imaging modalities needed to help treat patients with anterior shoulder instability that is both reliable and financially acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, systematic review of Level I through IV studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T21:44:45Z","timestamp":1597355085000},"page":"391-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Accuracy and Reliability of Imaging Modalities for the Diagnosis and Quantification of Hill\u2010Sachs Lesions: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Vopat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas School of Medicine\u2013Wichita Wichita Kansas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam A.","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute Vail Colorado U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Medical College Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaak","family":"Cirone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CAPT. 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