{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T09:13:55Z","timestamp":1773566035564,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether aging imparts a clinically significant effect on the (1) mechanism of graft failure and (2) structural, material, and viscoelastic properties of patellar tendon allografts by evaluating these properties in younger donors (\u226430 years of age) and older donors (&gt;50 years of age).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 34 younger (\u226430 years of age) and 34 older (&gt;50 years of age) nonirradiated, whole bone\u2010tendon\u2010bone allografts were prepared for testing by isolating the central third of the patellar tendon using a double\u2010bladed 10\u2010mm width scalpel under a 10\u2010N load to ensure uniformity of harvest.\u202fBone blocks were potted in polymethylmethacrylate within custom molds. Tendon length and cross\u2010sectional area were measured using an area micrometer. A mechanical loading system was used to precondition the grafts for 100 cycles with a load between 50 N and 250 N (1 Hz). A creep load (500 N) was then applied at a rate of 100 mm\/min (10 minutes). Grafts were allowed to recover at 1 N (10 minutes), followed by pull\u2010to\u2010failure at a rate of 100% strain per second. Mechanisms of failure (midsubstance vs avulsion) were noted and the structural, material, and viscoelastic properties calculated and compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 33 (97%) midsubstance tears in the younger group and 28 (82%) in the older group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .034). Younger grafts showed greater ultimate load to failure (1,782 N [1,533, 2,032] vs 1,319 N [1,103, 1,533]) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .006) and ultimate tensile stress (37.4 MPa [32.4, 42.4] vs 27.5 MPa [22.9, 32.0]) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .006). There were no significant differences in displacement (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .595), stiffness (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .950), strain (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .783), elastic modulus (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .114), creep displacement (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .881), and creep strain (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .614).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This in\u00a0vitro study suggests that aging weakens the bone\u2010tendon junction and decreases the ultimate tensile strength of patellar tendon allografts. However, aging did not affect the displacement, strain, stiffness, elastic modulus, creep displacement, or creep strain of patellar tendon allografts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgeons should be aware that patellar tendon allografts from donors &gt;50 years of age have a lower ultimate tensile stress than donors \u226430 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.02.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T22:53:12Z","timestamp":1615416792000},"page":"2173-2180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Aging Decreases the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Bone\u2013Patellar Tendon\u2013Bone Allografts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Trevor J.","family":"Shelton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Southern California Orthopedic Institute Van Nuys California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Delman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California at Davis Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"McNary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California at Davis Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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