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Options include drugs, surgical intervention, scaffolds, biologics as a product of cells, and physical and electromagnetic stimuli. The goal of regenerative medicine is to enhance the healing of tissue after musculoskeletal injuries as both isolated treatment and adjunct to surgical management, using novel therapies to improve recovery and outcomes. Various orthopaedic\u00a0biologics (orthobiologics) have been investigated for the treatment of pathology involving the foot and ankle (including acute traumatic injuries and fractures, tumor, infection, osteochondral lesions, arthritis, and tendinopathy) and procedures, including osteotomy or fusion. Promising and established treatment modalities include 1) bone\u2010based therapies (such as cancellous or cortical autograft from the iliac crest, proximal tibia, and\/or calcaneus, fresh\u2010frozen or freeze\u2010dried cortical or cancellous allograft, including demineralized bone matrix putty or powder combined with growth factors, and synthetic bone graft substitutes, such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, bioactive glasses (often in combination with bone marrow aspirate), and polymers; proteins such as bone morphogenic proteins; and platelet\u2010derived growth factors; 2) cartilage\u2010based therapies such as debridement, bone marrow stimulation (such as microfracture or drilling), scaffold\u2010based techniques (such as autologous chondrocyte implantation [ACI] and matrix\u2010induced ACI, autologous matrix\u2010induced chondrogenesis, matrix\u2010associated stem cell transplantation, particulated\u00a0juvenile cartilage allograft transplantation, and minced local cartilage cells mixed with fibrin and platelet rich plasma [PRP]); and 3) blood, cell\u2010based, and injectable therapies such as PRP, platelet\u2010poor plasma biomatrix loaded with mesenchymal stromal cells, concentrated bone marrow aspirate, hyaluronic acid, and stem or stromal cell therapy,\u00a0including mesenchymal stem cell allografts, and adipose tissue\u2010derived stem cells, and micronized adipose tissue injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level V, expert opinion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.04.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T00:29:05Z","timestamp":1653092945000},"page":"2350-2358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nonoperative and Operative Soft\u2010Tissue and Cartilage Regeneration and Orthopaedic Biologics of the Foot and Ankle: An Orthoregeneration Network Foundation Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Danilkowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Murawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Valderrabano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayanin","family":"Angthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2016.06.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198909000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attia AK Mahmoud K ElSweify K Bariteau J Labib SA. 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