{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T22:46:19Z","timestamp":1793573179317,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007307","name":"Arthrex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To perform patellofemoral joint (PFJ) geometric measurements on knee magnetic resonance imaging scans and determine their relations with chondral lesions in a multicenter cohort using deep learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sagittal tibial tubercle\u2013trochlear groove (sTTTG) distance, tibial tubercle\u2013trochlear groove distance, trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear depth, Caton\u2010Deschamps Index (CDI), and flexion angle were measured by use of deep learning\u2013generated segmentations on a subset of the Osteoarthritis Initiative study with radiologist\u2010graded PFJ cartilage grades (n\u00a0= 2,461). Kruskal\u2010Wallis\n                      <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests were performed to compare differences in PFJ morphology between subjects without PFJ osteoarthritis (OA) and those with PFJ OA. PFJ morphology was correlated with secondary outcomes of mean patellar cartilage thickness and mean patellar cartilage T2 relaxation time using linear regression models controlling for age, sex, and body mass index.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,626 knees did not have PFJ OA, whereas 835 knees had PFJ OA. Knees without PFJ OA had an increased (anterior) sTTTG distance (mean \u00b1 standard deviation, 11.1 \u00b1 12.8 mm) compared with knees with PFJ OA (8.4 \u00b1 12.7 mm) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), indicating a more posterior tibial tubercle in subjects with PFJ OA. Knees without PFJ OA had a decreased sulcus angle (127.4\u00b0 \u00b1 7.1\u00b0 vs 128.0\u00b0 \u00b1 8.4\u00b0,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .01) and increased trochlear depth (9.1 \u00b1 1.7 mm vs 9.0 \u00b1 2.0 mm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .03) compared with knees with PFJ OA. Decreased patellar cartilage thickness was associated with decreased trochlear depth (\u03b2\u00a0= 0.12,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .002) and increased CDI (\u03b2\u00a0= \u20130.07,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Increased patellar cartilage T2 relaxation time was correlated with decreased sTTTG distance (\u03b2\u00a0= \u20130.08,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .01), decreased sulcus angle (\u03b2\u00a0= \u20130.12,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .04), and decreased CDI (\u03b2\u00a0= \u20130.12,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PFJ OA, patellar cartilage thickness, and patellar cartilage T2 relaxation time were shown to be associated with the underlying geometries within the PFJ. This large longitudinal study highlights that a decreased sTTTG distance (i.e., a more posterior tibial tubercle) is significantly associated with PFJ degenerative cartilage change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, retrospective comparative prognostic trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.11.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T11:22:23Z","timestamp":1672053743000},"page":"1493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A More Posterior Tibial Tubercle (Decreased Sagittal Tibial Tubercle\u2013Trochlear Groove Distance) Is Significantly Associated With Patellofemoral Joint Degenerative Cartilage Change: A Deep Learning Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Nikan K.","family":"Namiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Center for Intelligent Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"C\u00e0liva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Center for Intelligent Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro Morales","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Center for Intelligent Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Pedoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging and Center for Intelligent Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew A.","family":"Lansdown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California San Francisco San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","first-page":"9815","article-title":"The medial compartment and patellofemoral joint degenerate more severely in early stage knee osteoarthritis: A cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Yang G.Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol 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