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Inclusion criteria were studies of injury incidences and\/or injury outcomes on active Major League Baseball (MLB) athletes and studies published in the English language. Exclusion criteria were non\u2010MLB players, case series and case report studies with a cohort of \u22643 players, and\/or review articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 477 articles were identified from the initial search of 3 databases, with 105 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Among these articles, the most common injuries studied were elbow (38%), shoulder (14%), hip\/groin (11%), hand\/wrist (7%), head\/face (7%), knee (7%), spine (5%), and foot\/ankle (3%). Injuries with the greatest incidence included hand\/wrist (150.3 per year), hamstring (7.8\u201073.5 per year), ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears (0.23\u201026.8 per year), gastrocnemius strains (24.2 per year), and concussions (3.6\u201020.5 per year). Lowest rates of return to play were seen following shoulder labral tears (40%\u201072.5%), rotator cuff tears (33.3%\u201087%), and UCL tears (51%\u201087.9%). The injuries leading to most time away from sport included elbow UCL tears (average 90.3 days treated nonoperatively to 622.8 days following revision reconstruction), shoulder labral tears (average 315\u2010492 days), and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears (average 156.2\u2010417.5 days). Following ACL tears, rotator cuff tears, shoulder labral tears, and hip femoroacetabular impingement requiring arthroscopy, athletes had a significantly lower workloads compared with before injury upon return to play.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most published investigations focus on elbow injuries of the UCL, with variable return to play and mixed performance following surgery. UCL tears, shoulder labral tears, and ACL tears result in the most missed time. Upper\u2010extremity injury such as shoulder labral tears, rotator cuff tears, and UCL tears had the poorest return to play rates. Workload was most affected following ACL reconstruction, rotator cuff repair, shoulder labral repair, and hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, systematic review of level II\u2010IV studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2022.12.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T11:33:57Z","timestamp":1672313637000},"page":"1905-1935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Upper\u2010Extremity Injuries Have the Poorest Return to Play and Most Time Lost in Professional Baseball: A Systematic Review of Injuries in Major League Baseball"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Tramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Redwood City California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Henry Ford Hospital Detroit Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Gaudiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Henry Ford Hospital Detroit Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Lizzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Henry Ford Hospital Detroit Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Henry Ford Hospital Detroit Michigan U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Freehill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Redwood City California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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