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Data extraction was performed of study demographics and sensor specifications. Included studies were categorized by application: athletic training, rehabilitation, and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 43 studies met criteria for inclusion in this review. Forms of WSDs include pedometers, accelerometers, encoders (consisting of magnetometers and gyroscopes), force sensors, global positioning system trackers, and inertial measurement units. Outcome metrics include step counts; gait, limb motion, and angular positioning; foot and skin pressure; change of direction and inclination, including analysis of both body parts and athletes on a field; displacement and velocity of body segments and joints; heart rate; plethysmography; sport\u2010specific kinematics; range of motion, symmetry, and alignment; head impact; sleep; throwing biomechanics; and kinetic and spatiotemporal running metrics. WSDs are used in athletic training to assess sport\u2010specific biomechanics and workload with a goal of injury prevention and training optimization, as well as for rehabilitation monitoring and research such as for risk predicting and aiding diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WSDs enable real\u2010time monitoring of human performance across a variety of implementations and settings, allowing collection of metrics otherwise not achievable. WSDs are powerful tools with multiple applications within athletic training, patient rehabilitation, and orthopaedic and sports medicine research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wearable technology may represent the missing link to quantitatively addressing return to play and previous performance. WSDs are commercially available and portable adjuncts that allow clinicians, trainers, and individual athletes to monitor biomechanical parameters, workload, and recovery status to better contextualize personalized training, injury risk, and rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.01.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T04:14:42Z","timestamp":1707279282000},"page":"473-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The Fundamentals and Applications of Wearable Sensor Devices in Sports Medicine: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Reena J.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Institute Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayyida S.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical College Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University\/The Warren Alpert School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyal H.","family":"Nawabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Institute Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem N.","family":"Ramkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Long Beach Orthopedic Institute Long Beach California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00624"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00429"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-022-09756-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.10.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518818822"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00087"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108074"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration.FDA selects participants for new digital health software precertification pilot program. 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