{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:40:31Z","timestamp":1793724031219,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","arthroscopyjournal.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To create a metric for evaluating the degree of laterality of the patella\u2019s entry into the trochlea, the entry point\u2013trochlear groove (EP\u2010TG) angle, and to evaluate if this laterality is associated with recurrent patella instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The time frame of the study was January 2020 to February 2023. The inclusion criteria were patients treated by the senior author (J.P.F.) (with the exception of 2 patients who were treated by another provider at the institution who was aware of the study) who have been diagnosed with recurrent atraumatic patellar dislocations. Controls without knee pathology were selected from the New Mexico Decedent Imaging Database (NMDID). Simpleware ScanIP was used to create 3\u2010dimensional (3D) models of the distal femurs from computed tomography scans. Anteroposterior images of these 3D models were uploaded to a custom EP\u2010TG angle measuring tool. Three measurers used the tool to measure the EP\u2010TG angle of the distal femurs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010eight patients were included for the recurrent dislocator group. Twenty\u2010four decedents from the NMDID were selected for the control group, each with a left or right knee chosen randomly for measurement. A 1\u2010sided Mann\u2010Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, used to evaluate whether the recurrent dislocators had higher EP\u2010TG angle values, yielded a\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;.001, demonstrating a high level of significance. A Bayesian mixed\u2010effect model, used to determine how different the EP\u2010TG angles are between the 2 groups, gave a posterior predictive interval of [11.93\u00b0, 19.12\u00b0] for the EP\u2010TG angle shift of dislocators. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.648.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The morphologic entry point of the patella into the proximal trochlea is more lateral in recurrent patella dislocators than in controls. This increased laterality can be measured by the EP\u2010TG angle, which may be useful information for optimizing treatment of recurrent patella instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, case control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.04.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T14:19:18Z","timestamp":1714486758000},"page":"703-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Morphologic Patella Entry Point Into the Proximal Trochlea Is More Lateral in Recurrent Dislocators Than Controls as Measured by Entry Point\u2013Trochlear Groove Angle"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Beitler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Sieberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasif","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Orthopedic Surgery Rochester Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Tommasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Fulkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 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Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}