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For the 10 triage complaints, ChatGPT\u20104 was asked to generate a differential diagnosis that was graded for accuracy and suitability in comparison to a differential created by 2 orthopaedic sports medicine physicians. For the 10 clinical scenarios, ChatGPT\u20104 was prompted to provide treatment guidance for the patient, which was again graded. To test the higher\u2010order capabilities of ChatGPT\u20104, further inquiry into these specific management recommendations was performed and graded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All ChatGPT\u20104 diagnoses were deemed appropriate within the spectrum of potential pathologies on a differential. The top diagnosis on the differential was identical between surgeons and ChatGPT\u20104 for 70% of scenarios, and the top diagnosis provided by the surgeon appeared as either the first or second diagnosis in 90% of scenarios. Overall, 16 of 30 diagnoses (53.3%) in the differential were identical. When provided with 10 expanded vignettes with a single diagnosis, the accuracy of ChatGPT\u20104 increased to 100%, with the suitability of management graded as appropriate in 90% of cases. Specific information pertaining to conservative management, surgical approaches, and related treatments was appropriate and accurate in 100% of cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChatGPT\u20104 provided clinically reasonable diagnoses to triage patient complaints of knee pain due to various underlying conditions that were generally consistent with differentials provided by sports medicine physicians. Diagnostic performance was enhanced when providing additional information, allowing ChatGPT\u20104 to reach high predictive accuracy for recommendations concerning management and treatment options. However, ChatGPT\u20104 may show clinically important error rates for diagnosis depending on prompting strategy and information provided; therefore, further refinements are necessary prior to implementation into clinical workflows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although ChatGPT\u20104 is increasingly being used by patients for health information, the potential for ChatGPT\u20104 to serve as a clinical support tool is unclear. In this study, we found that ChatGPT\u20104 was frequently able to diagnose and triage knee complaints appropriately as rated by sports medicine surgeons, suggesting that it may eventually be a useful clinical support tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2024.06.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T19:49:51Z","timestamp":1719258591000},"page":"1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Large Language Model ChatGPT\u20104 Exhibits Excellent Triage Capabilities and Diagnostic Performance for Patients Presenting With Various Causes of Knee Pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kyle N.","family":"Kunze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan H.","family":"Varady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mazzucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell College of Medicine New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Z.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell College of Medicine New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Chahla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Kyle","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil S.","family":"Ranawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Pearle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Riley J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service Hospital for Special Surgery New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01925-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2023.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000002995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.25782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00988-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1169595"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-023-03323-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.1838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"C.Gordon.ChatGPT is the fastest growing app in the history of web applications Published February 2 2023https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/cindygordon\/2023\/02\/02\/chatgpt\u2010is\u2010the\u2010fastest\u2010growing\u2010ap\u2010in\u2010the\u2010history\u2010of\u2010web\u2010applications\/?sh=1bc69781678c. 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