{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:58:48Z","timestamp":1782863928857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30970386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30970386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthropod Structure & Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,10]],"date-time":"2022-07-10T10:49:48Z","timestamp":1657450188000},"page":"101176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mouthpart structure of the adult Bicaubittacus appendiculatus () (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-7247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao-Zhen","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1155\/1979\/92786","article-title":"Selective mate choice by females of Harpobittacus australis (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)","volume":"86","author":"Alcock","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62427-4","article-title":"Ultrastructure of invertebrate chemo-, thermo-, and hygroreceptors and its functional significance","volume":"67","author":"Altner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0469.2008.00473.x","article-title":"A\u00a0longstanding entomological problem finally solved? Head morphology of Nannochorista (Mecoptera, Insecta) and possible phylogenetic implications","volume":"46","author":"Beutel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Zool. Syst. Evol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2008.02.002","article-title":"Head morphology of Caurinus (Boreidae, Mecoptera) and its phylogenetic implications","volume":"37","author":"Beutel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO9660371","article-title":"Observations on the hunting and mating behaviour of two species of scorpion flies (Bittacidae: Mecoptera)","volume":"14","author":"Bornemissza","year":"1966","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib6","first-page":"127","article-title":"Two new Chinese Bittacus Latreille (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Micangshan mountains","volume":"28","author":"Cai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Entomotaxonomia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib7","series-title":"The Insects: Structure and Function","author":"Chapman","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1155\/1949\/36572","article-title":"New species of Mecoptera from northwest China","volume":"56","author":"Cheng","year":"1949","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib9","first-page":"13","article-title":"New and little-known species of Mecoptera and Neuroptera in the Zoological Museum of Helsingfors","volume":"7","author":"Esben-Petersen","year":"1927","journal-title":"Not. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/00379271.2013.767514","article-title":"Sensillum types on the proboscis of the Lepidoptera: a review","volume":"49","author":"Faucheux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa085","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of mouthparts of adult horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Brazilian midwest region","volume":"57","author":"Fernandes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib12","series-title":"The Insects: an Outline of Entomology","author":"Gullan","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib13","first-page":"721","article-title":"The skeleto-muscular system of Mecoptera: the head","volume":"48","author":"Hepburn","year":"1969","journal-title":"Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2011.01.011","article-title":"Functional morphology of the mouthparts in the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib15","first-page":"110","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the mouthpart sensilla in adult Bittacus sinensis Walker (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib16","first-page":"73","article-title":"On the constitution of the maxillae and labium in Mecoptera and Diptera","volume":"85","author":"Imms","year":"1944","journal-title":"Q.\u00a0J. Microsc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib17","first-page":"315","article-title":"Morphological studies on the Panorpidae of Japan and adjoining countries and comparison with American and European forms","volume":"4","author":"Issiki","year":"1933","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1134\/S0013873818020021","article-title":"The structure and evolution of the apical sensory zone structures in the maxillary and labial palps of caddisflies (Trichoptera)","volume":"98","author":"Ivanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entomol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1998.tb00326.x","article-title":"Functional and evolutionary aspects of mouthpart structure in parasitoid wasps","volume":"63","author":"Jervis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3897\/asp.65.e31661","article-title":"Evidence from mouthpart structure on interordinal relationships in Endopterygota?","volume":"65","author":"Krenn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthropod Syst. Phylo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085338","article-title":"Feeding mechanisms of adult Lepidoptera: structure, function, and evolution of the mouthparts","volume":"55","author":"Krenn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib22","series-title":"Insect Mouthparts: Form, Function, Development and Performance","first-page":"9","article-title":"Form and function of insect mouthparts","author":"Krenn","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2008.037","article-title":"Flower visiting Neuroptera: mouthparts and feeding behaviour of Nemoptera sinuata (Nemopteridae)","volume":"105","author":"Krenn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2004.10.002","article-title":"Mouthparts of flower-visiting insects","volume":"34","author":"Krenn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.153","article-title":"Insect mouthparts: ascertaining the paleobiology of insect feeding strategies","volume":"28","author":"Labandeira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Systemat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2020.02.004","article-title":"Larval morphology of the hangingfly Bicaubittacus longiprocessus (Huang and Hua, 2005) (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) and its taxonomic ignificance","volume":"285","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zool. Anz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib27","article-title":"Functional morphology and sexual dimorphism of mouthparts of the short-faced scorpionfly Panorpodes kuandianensis (Mecoptera: Panorpodidae)","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2014.05.001","article-title":"Fine structure and functional morphology of the mouthparts of Bittacus planus and Terrobittacus implicatus (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae)","volume":"253","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zool. Anz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/15.4.310","article-title":"Head and mouth-parts of Mecoptera","volume":"15","author":"Otanes","year":"1922","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-020-00449-w","article-title":"The evolution of the mouthpart structures in the Eucraniini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)","volume":"20","author":"Palestrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Org. Divers. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1163\/187498310X519716","article-title":"Diversity of feeding strategies in adult Mecoptera","volume":"3","author":"Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Terr. Arthropod Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10905-005-0476-9","article-title":"Diet and feeding behavior in adults of the Apteropanorpidae (Mecoptera)","volume":"18","author":"Palmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Insect Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7322(94)00009-F","article-title":"Sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of the cockroach Supella longipalpa Fabricius (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)","volume":"24","author":"Prakash","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.09.010164.000535","article-title":"Insect antennae","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"1964","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib35","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Entomology","first-page":"4009","article-title":"Ultrastructure of insect sensilla","author":"Shields","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.15.010170.001005","article-title":"The structure of arthropod chemoreceptors","volume":"15","author":"Slifer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406253","article-title":"Studien an Panorpa communis L","volume":"17","author":"Steiner","year":"1930","journal-title":"Z.\u00a0Morphol. \u00d6kol. Tiere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2221.1.2","article-title":"Bicaubittacus, a new genus of the Oriental Bittacidae (Mecoptera) with descriptions of two new species","volume":"2221","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"The comparative predatory and sexual behavior of hangingflies (Mecoptera, Bittacidae)","volume":"677","author":"Thornhill","year":"1977","journal-title":"Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/71.4.597","article-title":"Sexually selected predatory and mating behavior of the hangingfly, Bittacus stigmaterus (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)","volume":"71","author":"Thornhill","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2020.100952","article-title":"Structure and function of the stylets of hematophagous Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), with special reference to Dipetalogaster maxima","volume":"58","author":"Tull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21241","article-title":"Characterization and mapping of sensilla on the head appendages of noterid larvae (Coleoptera: Noteridae), and development of a preliminary biometric method for taxa delimitation","volume":"281","author":"Urcola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib43","series-title":"Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Part II. (Sialides\u2013Nemopterides)","first-page":"465","article-title":"Genus 5. Bittacus","author":"Walker","year":"1853"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2021.02.004","article-title":"Mouthparts and associated sensilla of adult Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera)","volume":"291","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zool. Anz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.001555","article-title":"Sensilla of immature insects","volume":"36","author":"Zacharuk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20791","article-title":"Ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps of Chlorophorus caragana (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)","volume":"279","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Morphol."}],"container-title":["Arthropod Structure & Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467803922000378?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1467803922000378?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:38:11Z","timestamp":1778614691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1467803922000378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1467803922000378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176","relation":{},"ISSN":["1467-8039"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1467-8039","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mouthpart structure of the adult Bicaubittacus appendiculatus () (Mecoptera: Bittacidae)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Arthropod Structure & Development","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asd.2022.101176","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101176"}}