{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:49:10Z","timestamp":1784774950929,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Journal of Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T23:48:04Z","timestamp":1650930484000},"page":"24-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effectiveness and complication of achalasia treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Fangxiao","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.024","article-title":"Achalasia: update on the disease and its treatment","volume":"139","author":"Francis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.2996","article-title":"Achalasia: a systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Pandolfino","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i14.1573","article-title":"2011 update on esophageal achalasia","volume":"18","author":"Chuah","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2252-z","article-title":"What is the best primary therapy for achalasia: medical or surgical treatment? Who owns achalasia?","volume":"17","author":"Allaix","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00385.x","article-title":"Repeated pneumatic dilations as long-term maintenance therapy for esophageal achalasia","volume":"101","author":"Zerbib","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000136940.32255.51","article-title":"Heller myotomy versus Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication for achalasia: a prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"240","author":"Richards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2003.00348.x","article-title":"Heller's esophagomyotomy with or without a 360 degrees floppy Nissen fundoplication for achalasia. Long-term results from a prospective randomized study","volume":"16","author":"Falkenback","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2018.133","article-title":"Laparoscopic heller myotomy for achalasia: experience from a single referral tertiary center","volume":"11","author":"Mirsharifi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966764","article-title":"Submucosal endoscopic esophageal myotomy: a novel experimental approach for the treatment of achalasia","volume":"39","author":"Pasricha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640615581732","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of POEM for achalasia","volume":"3","author":"Barbieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.07.034","article-title":"Peroral endoscopic myotomy: anterior versus posterior approach: a randomized single-blinded clinical trial","volume":"91","author":"Khashab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-3300-1","article-title":"Peroral endoscopic myotomy for idiopathic achalasia: randomized comparison of water-jet assisted versus conventional dissection technique","volume":"28","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3767","article-title":"Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Dias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.01.023","article-title":"Network meta-analysis for evidence synthesis: what is it and why is it posed to dominate cardiovascular decision making?","volume":"182","author":"Biondi-Zoccai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12455847","article-title":"Evidence synthesis for decision making 4: inconsistency in networks of evidence based on randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-35","article-title":"A\u00a0graphical tool for locating inconsistency in network meta-analyses","volume":"13","author":"Krahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2889","article-title":"Performance of the trim and fill method in the presence of publication bias and between-study heterogeneity","volume":"26","author":"Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d549","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d549","article-title":"Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses","volume":"342","author":"Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905380","article-title":"Endoscopic or surgical myotomy in patients with idiopathic achalasia","volume":"381","author":"Werner","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.8859","article-title":"Effect of peroral endoscopic myotomy vs pneumatic dilation on symptom severity and treatment outcomes among treatment-naive patients with achalasia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"322","author":"Ponds","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib22","article-title":"Gastric myotomy length affects severity but not rate of post-procedure reflux: 3-year follow-up of a prospective randomized controlled trial of double-scope per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia","author":"Grimes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3578-8","article-title":"Dor vs toupet fundoplication after laparoscopic heller myotomy: long-term randomized controlled trial evaluated by high-resolution manometry","volume":"22","author":"Torres-Villalobos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.03.009","article-title":"Efficacy of anterior versus posterior per-oral endoscopic myotomy for treating achalasia: a randomized, prospective study","volume":"88","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310602","article-title":"Long-term results of the European achalasia trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy","volume":"65","author":"Moonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-015-4396-2","article-title":"Double-scope per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Grimes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-014-2869-4","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia with laparoscopic myotomy or pneumatic dilatation: long-term results of a prospective, randomized study","volume":"39","author":"Persson","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2014.0682","article-title":"Comparative study between laparoscopic heller myotomy versus pneumatic dilatation for treatment of early achalasia: a prospective randomized study","volume":"25","author":"Hamdy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.05.077","article-title":"Toupet versus Dor as a procedure to prevent reflux after cardiomyotomy for achalasia: results of a randomised clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Kumagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/dote.12064","article-title":"Pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: variables related to a good response","volume":"27","author":"Borges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_sref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.12.027","article-title":"Outcomes of treatment for achalasia depend on manometric subtype","volume":"144","author":"Rohof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-1822-y","article-title":"Laparoscopic Dor versus Toupet fundoplication following Heller myotomy for achalasia: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized-controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Rawlings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010502","article-title":"Pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller's myotomy for idiopathic achalasia","volume":"364","author":"Boeckxstaens","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib34","first-page":"107","article-title":"Comparison of pneumatic dilation with pneumatic dilation plus botulinum toxin for treatment of achalasia","volume":"48","author":"Bakhshipour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1159\/000229784","article-title":"Clinical study on combined therapy of botulinum toxin injection and small balloon dilation in patients with esophageal achalasia","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2008.00914.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the response to treatment in patients with idiopathic achalasia by the timed barium esophagogram: results from a randomized clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Andersson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-006-0600-9","article-title":"Pneumatic dilatation or laparoscopic cardiomyotomy in the management of newly diagnosed idiopathic achalasia. Results of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Kostic","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03083.x","article-title":"Injection of botulinum toxin before pneumatic dilatation in achalasia treatment: a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Mikaeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-8910-6","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection versus laparoscopic myotomy for the treatment of esophageal achalasia: economic analysis of a randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000114217.52941.c5","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of botulinum toxin versus laparoscopic heller myotomy for esophageal achalasia","volume":"239","author":"Zaninotto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200303000-00005","article-title":"Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin versus pneumatic balloon dilation for treatment of primary achalasia","volume":"36","author":"Bansal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01065.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial comparing botulinum toxin injection to pneumatic dilatation for the treatment of achalasia","volume":"15","author":"Mikaeli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.2.231","article-title":"Botulinum toxin versus pneumatic dilatation in the treatment of achalasia: a randomised trial","volume":"44","author":"Vaezi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-56","article-title":"Esophageal achalasia: intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin A versus balloon dilation","volume":"31","author":"Muehldorfer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116_bib45","article-title":"Reflux symptoms and oesophageal acidification in treated achalasia patients are often not reflux related","author":"Ponds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Asian Journal of Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1015958422003724?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1015958422003724?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T17:31:08Z","timestamp":1760895068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1015958422003724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1015958422003724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116","relation":{},"ISSN":["1015-9584"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1015-9584","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness and complication of achalasia treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Journal of Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.03.116","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Robotic Surgery Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}