{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T23:50:00Z","timestamp":1775778600631,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabil."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the present study is to systematically review the available literature for management of bipolar lesions within the tibiofemoral joint and determine whether tibiofemoral cartilage restoration is an effective treatment modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed and MEDLINE databases were queried between 2000 and 2020 using the following keywords: \u201costeochondral\u201d and \u201cknee\u201d and \u201cmicrofracture,\u201d \u201cautologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI),\u201d or \u201ctransplantation.\" Articles were reviewed for the presence of a bipolar or \u201ckissing\u201d tibiofemoral lesion and reported lesion size, concomitant procedures, failure rates, and time to failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After screening 1,295 articles, there were 4 articles available for analysis and a total of 152 knees involving the management of bipolar tibiofemoral lesions. Age ranged from 14 to 60 years, and mean follow\u2010up was between 12 and 240 months. There was 1 retrospective cohort study (36 knees) and 3 case series (mean, 38.7 \u00b1 17.5 knees). There were 58 knees treated with bipolar osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation, 58 knees treated with bipolar ACI, 20 knees treated with femoral OCA and tibial debridement, and 16 knees treated with femoral OCA and tibial microfracture. There were 37 failures (24.3%): 16 patients (10.5%) were converted to unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty, 4 restorative procedures (2.6%) were revised, and 8 patients (1.6%) had unsatisfactory outcomes only. The remaining 15 failures (9.9%) had an unspecified combination of objective failure. The mean rate of failure ranged between 0% and 44.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0= 83.2%). The mean time to failure ranged between 2.7 and 4.1 years (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0= 79.1%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cartilage restoration, through both ACI and OCA, had failure rates between 0% and 44% in patients with bipolar lesions of the tibiofemoral compartment. Although a higher level of evidence is required to prove efficacy, the current study demonstrates midterm survivorship rates between 55% and 100%, which may delay the need for secondary arthroplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level IV, systematic review of Level IV studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.03.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T04:12:34Z","timestamp":1624507954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cartilage Restoration for Tibiofemoral Bipolar Lesions Results in Promising Failure Rates: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anirudh K.","family":"Gowd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Weimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward C.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avinesh","family":"Agarwalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westchester Medical Center Valhalla New York 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Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}