{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T10:17:36Z","timestamp":1773569856441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabil."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of multiple concussions on the risk of lower\u2010extremity injuries in National Football League (NFL) players.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All active NFL players from September 2016 to January 2017 through September 2019 to January 2020 regular seasons were eligible for inclusion. All players who sustained multiple concussions during the study period were identified using publicly available data and included in the multiple concussion (MC) cohort. Players who sustained a single concussion (SC) as well as controls were age and position matched to the MC cohort using MEDCALC case\u2010control. Lower\u2010extremity injuries were then documented for the players included in all 3 cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The odds of sustaining a lower\u2010extremity injury were significantly greater in the MC as well as the SC cohort when compared with the no concussion (NC)\u2010matched cohort (odds ratio 2.92, standard deviation [SD] 1.7\u20104.9) and 2.28 (SD 1.5\u20103.6), respectively. However, we found no significant difference in the odds of sustaining a lower\u2010extremity injury when comparing the SC with the MC cohort (odds ratio 1.00, SD 0.7\u20101.3). The time to lower\u2010extremity injury after return to play from a concussion was significantly shorter in the SC group when compared with the MC group, within 1 year following a concussion injury (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant increase in the odds of suffering a lower\u2010extremity injury after return to play in NFL players exposed to SC or MC when compared with age\u2010 and position\u2010matched controls who did not sustain a concussion within the study period. There was no significant difference in the odds of suffering a lower\u2010extremity injury after return to play for NFL players exposed to MC when compared with players exposed to a SC during our study period. Our findings suggest a potential need for injury\u2010prevention protocols following concussion injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, retrospective comparative prognostic trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2022.05.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T08:42:15Z","timestamp":1657874535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Concussions Increase the Odds of Lower\u2010Extremity Injuries in National Football League Players: Four\u2010Year Review of Publicly Available Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Hayden P.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Portney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aravind","family":"Athiviraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 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Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}