{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T17:35:46Z","timestamp":1780767346973,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabil."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the distribution and mechanisms of lower\u2010extremity injuries among high school and college age rugby players presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs) from 2008 to\u00a02022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for lower\u2010extremity rugby injuries (ages 14\u201023 years) from January 2008 to December 2022. Patient demographics, injury location, diagnosis, and disposition were extracted for each case. Linear regression analysis assessed differences over time. Injury distribution for male versus female players was evaluated using Pearson \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An estimated 31,318 (845 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System cases) high school and college\u2010age rugby players presented to U.S. EDs with a lower\u2010extremity injury during the study period. Male players accounted for 66.9% of the injuries. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant decrease in the annual frequency of lower\u2010extremity injuries presenting to U.S. EDs from 2008 to 2022 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .001). The most common injury mechanism was overwhelmingly a noncontact twisting motion (11,108, 35.5%) followed by a hit\/collision (5,298, 16.9%). Strains\/sprains were the most common diagnosis (17,243, 55.1%). Injuries most commonly occurred at the ankle (12,659, 40.4%) and knee (11,016, 35.2%). In a sex\u2010specific linear regression analysis, there was a significant decrease in lower\u2010extremity injuries sustained by male players (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .001) but no significant decrease among female players (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .112). Furthermore, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      analysis revealed that female players sustained a significantly greater proportion of knee injuries secondary to twists (15.9% for female vs 9.0% for male players,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower\u2010extremity injuries are declining among high school and college\u2010age male rugby players. However, there has not been a corresponding decrease among female rugby players. Furthermore, female players are disproportionately affected by noncontact twisting knee injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level III, retrospective comparative study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2024.100967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T12:51:31Z","timestamp":1719838291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Between 2008 and 2022, Lower\u2010Extremity Injuries Declined in Male Rugby Players, Whereas Noncontact Knee Injuries Showed No Decline in Female Rugby Players"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Avanish","family":"Yendluri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York 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Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel M.","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics University of Colorado School of Medicine Auora Colorado U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Parisien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S114019"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","article-title":"Epidemiology of rugby\u2010related injuries presenting to the emergency department: A 10\u2010year review","volume":"15","author":"Arif 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Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Arthroscopy Association of North America.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100967"}}