{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:39:39Z","timestamp":1786984779139,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010186","name":"Brooke Army Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabil."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine malpractice lawsuits filed by National Football League (NFL) players against team physicians to understand the factors involved with medical liability in the context of professional football.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive review of publicly available legal databases, court records, and news archives was conducted in August 2023 to identify and analyze malpractice lawsuits involving NFL players, teams, and team physicians. Data on case demographics, physician subspecialty, allegations, and outcomes, including monetary amounts, were collected and analyzed. Linear regression was used to assess for a temporal relation with the number of lawsuits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were 273 physicians identified, of whom 190 were orthopaedic surgeons. There were 28 lawsuits filed by NFL players against physicians, and a significant increase in lawsuits was identified from 1971 to 2020 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= .0086,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0= 0.60). The most common anatomic locations of injury in the lawsuits were the knee (n\u00a0= 11), spine (n\u00a0= 4), and foot\/ankle (n\u00a0= 4). Other lawsuits included a lawsuit for wrongful death resulting from a heat\u2010related injury, as well as a class action lawsuit regarding pain medication prescribing practices and other individual lawsuits over anti\u2010inflammatory use. The highest amount for which a lawsuit was filed was $180 million, with at least 6 lawsuits filed for over $1 million, although many settlements and final verdicts were not available or were sealed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was an increase in the number of medical malpractice lawsuits filed by professional athletes against team physicians in the NFL between 1971 and 2020, but the overall number remains low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding the frequency and characteristics of medical malpractice lawsuits is essential for physicians, sports organizations, and policymakers to help guide appropriate health care delivery and risk management strategies for athletes in the NFL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2024.101013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T19:03:36Z","timestamp":1727377416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Against Team Physicians in the National Football League Increased Between 1971 and 2020 But Remain Low Overall"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kaitlynn","family":"Littleford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jantz J.","family":"Arbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikalyn T.","family":"DeFoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Cognetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston Texas U.S.A."},{"name":"United States Institute for Surgical Research Fort Sam Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_2","unstructured":"R.Corso.Football is America\u2019s favorite sport as lead over baseball continues to grow. PR Newswirehttps:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news\u2010releases\/football\u2010is\u2010americas\u2010favorite\u2010sport\u2010as\u2010lead\u2010over\u2010baseball\u2010continues\u2010to\u2010grow\u2010138040958.html.Published January 25 2012. Accessed January 21 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_2","unstructured":"Constitution and bylaws of the National Football League.Resolution BV\u20104 (2006 rev)https:\/\/onlabor.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/co.pdf.2004. Accessed August 30 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_2","volume-title":"Comparing health\u2010related policies & practices in sports: The NFL and other professional leagues","author":"Deubert C.R.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738108327530"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_2","volume-title":"AP analysis: NFL teams lost over $500M to injuries in 2019","author":"Walker T.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_2","unstructured":"National Football League.Ranking the NFL\u2019s biggest contracts for 2023https:\/\/www.nfl.com\/photos\/ranking\u2010the\u2010nfl\u2010s\u2010biggest\u2010contracts\u2010for\u20102023#:\u223c:text=Quarterback%20Joe%20Burrow%20and%20the of%20%2455%20million%20per%20year.Published October 4 2023. Accessed January 22 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_2","volume-title":"Agent\u2019s take: Inside the 2023 performance bonuses of 15 notable players, including Jordan Love, Baker Mayfield","author":"Corry J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_2","article-title":"Former Eagles player Chris Maragos wins $43.5M in lawsuit over career\u2010ending injury","author":"Williams M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Illustrated"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_2","volume-title":"A\u2010Rod files malpractice suit against Yankees doctor","author":"Lacques G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_2","volume-title":"NFL, doctors, marketing","author":"Unholy alliance","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_2","unstructured":"M.Sessler.NFLPA: 78 percent of players don\u2019t trust team doctorshttps:\/\/www.nfl.com\/news\/nflpa\u201078\u2010percent\u2010of\u2010players\u2010don\u2010t\u2010trust\u2010team\u2010doctors\u20100ap1000000133534.Published January 31 2013. 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