{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:25:07Z","timestamp":1791401107577,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,13]],"date-time":"2005-07-13T18:19:25Z","timestamp":1121278765000},"page":"431-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Annette G.","family":"Pashayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony N.","family":"Passannante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200202073460602","article-title":"Sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"346","author":"Drazen","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704","article-title":"The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults","volume":"328","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.4.867","article-title":"The significance of sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly","volume":"112","author":"Collop","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199601113340207","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"334","author":"Strollo","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.4.1403","article-title":"Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"61","author":"Hudgel","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9904096","article-title":"A model of obstructive sleep apnea in normal humans. Role of the upper airway","volume":"161","author":"King","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(01)00232-X","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management","volume":"13","author":"Benumof","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/85.3.354","article-title":"Is obstructive sleep apnoea a rapid eye movement-predominant phenomenon?","volume":"85","author":"Loadsman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421905","article-title":"Images in clinical medicine: upper-airway resistance syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Badr","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.16158a","article-title":"Upper airway resistance syndrome is a distinct syndrome","volume":"161","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200210000-00006","article-title":"Lateral position decreases collapsibility of the passive pharynx in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"97","author":"Isono","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.3.2010081","article-title":"Microgravity reduces sleep-disordered breathing in humans","volume":"164","author":"Elliott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281712","article-title":"Sleep apnea\u2013a major public health problem","volume":"328","author":"Phillipson","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200301233480422","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing among professional football players","volume":"348","author":"George","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.5.1275","article-title":"Sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in commercial long-haul truck drivers","volume":"107","author":"Stoohs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib17","series-title":"Wake up America: a national sleep alert","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.1.9","article-title":"Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea: experience in 385 male patients","volume":"94","author":"He","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70098-0","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea: pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"31","author":"Schwartz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011919","article-title":"Benefit of atrial pacing in sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"346","author":"Garrigue","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.00116.x","article-title":"Relationship among the severity of sleep apnea syndrome, cardiac arrhythmias, and autonomic imbalance","volume":"26","author":"Roche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(03)01318-4","article-title":"Association of autonomic dysfunction and mild obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"130","author":"Woodson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.1.70","article-title":"Autonomic neuropathy is linked to nocturnal hypoxaemia and to concentric hypertrophy and remodelling in dialysis patients","volume":"16","author":"Zoccali","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00322-0","article-title":"Autonomic dysregulation as a basis of cardiovascular, endocrine, and inflammatory disturbances associated with obstructive sleep apnea and other conditions of chronic hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis","volume":"62","author":"Yun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030236","article-title":"The short-term effects of high-dose testosterone on sleep, breathing, and function in older men","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.6.1389","article-title":"Androgen blockade does not affect sleep-disordered breathing or chemosensitivity in men with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"146","author":"Stewart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib27","first-page":"1934","article-title":"Inhibition of steroid 5 alpha-reductase with finasteride: sleep-related erections, potency, and libido in healthy men","volume":"80","author":"Cunningham","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.9911064","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender","volume":"163","author":"Bixler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1238OC","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"167","author":"Shahar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-1055OC","article-title":"Menopausal status and sleep-disordered breathing in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study","volume":"167","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1998.00086.x","article-title":"Sleep apnoea in endocrine diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rosenow","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a33.x","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea in acromegaly: the role of craniofacial changes","volume":"14","author":"Hochban","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.02070613","article-title":"Sites and sizes of fat deposits around the pharynx in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and weight matched controls","volume":"2","author":"Horner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00070402","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in nonobese diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy","volume":"22","author":"Bottini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9708070","article-title":"Surface tension forces in sleep apnea: the role of a soft tissue lubricant: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"157","author":"Jokic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00488.2003","article-title":"Relationship between surface tension of upper airway lining liquid and upper airway collapsibility during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Kirkness","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00747.2003","article-title":"Upper airway surface tension: is it a significant cause of airflow obstruction during sleep?","volume":"95","author":"Schwartz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.007179","article-title":"Sleep 3: clinical presentation and diagnosis of the obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Schlosshan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-5-356","article-title":"Are history and physical examination a good screening test for sleep apnea?","volume":"115","author":"Viner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.1.27","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and vascular morbidity at seven-year follow-up in obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"97","author":"Partinen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401104","article-title":"The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents","volume":"340","author":"Teran-Santos","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.122699","article-title":"Sleepy driving: accidents and injury","volume":"126","author":"Powell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.12.2302","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing in patients with cluster headache","volume":"54","author":"Chervin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1053\/snep.2002.28673","article-title":"Sleep apnea and hypertension: pathophysiologic mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Richert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.15.2289","article-title":"Association of hypertension and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"160","author":"Bixler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","article-title":"Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension","volume":"342","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00152.2001","article-title":"Blood pressure response to chronic episodic hypoxia: the renin-angiotensin system","volume":"92","author":"Fletcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)03267-3","article-title":"Abnormal vasoactive hormones and 24-hour blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2002126","article-title":"Circulating nitric oxide is suppressed in obstructive sleep apnea and is reversed by nasal continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"162","author":"Ip","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00089902","article-title":"Impaired glucose-insulin metabolism in males with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Meslier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib51","first-page":"517","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance","volume":"86","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200302-206OC","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure treatment rapidly improves insulin sensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"169","author":"Harsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000077423","article-title":"The effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on insulin sensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and type 2 diabetes","volume":"71","author":"Harsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(03)00079-X","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance","volume":"136","author":"Punjabi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680675","article-title":"Insulin resistance and sleep-disordered breathing in healthy humans","volume":"154","author":"Stoohs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.ed12-00b","article-title":"Fibrinogen, stroke, and obstructive sleep apnea: an evolving paradigm of cardiovascular risk","volume":"162","author":"Shamsuzzaman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2001.0206","article-title":"Cerebral haemodynamics in obstructive sleep apnoea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration","volume":"6","author":"Franklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000047941","article-title":"Pathological sleep apnoea frequency remains permanent in ischaemic stroke and it is transient in haemorrhagic stroke","volume":"47","author":"Szucs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.12.2107045","article-title":"Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease","volume":"164","author":"Leung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/rr79","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and vascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Lanfranchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-756OC","article-title":"Sleep apnea and markers of vascular endothelial function in a large community sample of older adults","volume":"169","author":"Nieto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9810062","article-title":"Vascular reactivity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"161","author":"Duchna","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.4.9912028","article-title":"Reduced alpha- and beta(2)-adrenergic vascular response in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"162","author":"Grote","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2104126","article-title":"Increased adhesion molecules expression and production of reactive oxygen species in leukocytes of sleep apnea patients","volume":"165","author":"Dyugovskaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.3.625","article-title":"Spontaneous platelet activation and aggregation during obstructive sleep apnea and its response to therapy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure: a preliminary investigation","volume":"108","author":"Bokinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.6.1597","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"117","author":"Mooe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909233411310","article-title":"Apnea and periodic breathing during sleep","volume":"341","author":"Cherniack","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.6.1488","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in diastolic heart failure","volume":"111","author":"Chan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.6.2001092","article-title":"Echocardiographic features of the right heart in sleep-disordered breathing: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"164","author":"Guidry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.3.591","article-title":"Cardiac rhythm disturbances in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy","volume":"118","author":"Harbison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.558","article-title":"Sleep-related breathing disorders are associated with ventricular arrhythmias in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","volume":"122","author":"Fichter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/12.5.475","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"12","author":"Samelson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib73","first-page":"689","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux in patients with sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Graf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4a","key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00350-2","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"108","author":"Ing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.1.41","article-title":"Marked improvement in nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux in a large cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"163","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200409000-00003","article-title":"Pantoprazole for sleepiness associated with acid reflux and obstructive sleep disordered breathing","volume":"114","author":"Steward","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.1748","article-title":"Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in subjects with a breathing sleep disorder","volume":"121","author":"Valipour","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-003-0658-z","article-title":"Variables affecting the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux in obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"261","author":"Ozturk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Anesthesiology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889853705000106?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889853705000106?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:02:47Z","timestamp":1760176967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889853705000106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889853705000106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-8537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-8537","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Anesthesiology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atc.2005.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}