{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:26:54Z","timestamp":1792290414078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T12:50:48Z","timestamp":1108731048000},"page":"329-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Leukocyte count is associated with reduced endothelial reactivity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Mitchell S.V.","family":"Elkind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Sciacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Boden-Albala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia C.","family":"Tondella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Feikin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry S.","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco R. Di","family":"Tullio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.4.491","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk assessment based on US cohort studies: findings from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop","volume":"104","author":"Grundy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis\u2014an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.6.2.131","article-title":"Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"6","author":"Jonason","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arterioscler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(87)80168-5","article-title":"An immunohistochemical analysis of human aortic fatty streaks","volume":"18","author":"Munro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Human Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90741-6","article-title":"Serologic evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction","volume":"2","author":"Saikku","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.268.1.68","article-title":"Association of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease","volume":"268","author":"Thom","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90332-J","article-title":"Past infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Melnick","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.7.1521","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae and the risk of first ischemic stroke: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study","volume":"31","author":"Elkind","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.842","article-title":"Elevated white blood cell count and carotid plaque thickness: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study","volume":"32","author":"Elkind","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000034400.71491.10","article-title":"Leukocyte count is associated with aortic arch plaque thickness","author":"Elkind","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.3.836","article-title":"Fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease","volume":"83","author":"Yarnell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00716-4","article-title":"Leukocyte count, diabetes mellitus and age are strong predictors of stroke in a rural population in southern Italy: an 8-year follow-up","volume":"157","author":"Noto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93147-F","article-title":"Non-invasive detection of endothelial function in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis","volume":"340","author":"Celermajer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(96)06018-2","article-title":"Systemic endothelial dysfunction is related to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease","volume":"129","author":"Neunteufl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00984-9","article-title":"Endothelial reactivity and cardiac risk factors in older patients with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"83","author":"Yataco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90141-4","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic arteries of asymptomatic subjects relates to coronary risk factors and their interaction","volume":"24","author":"Celermajer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.9.994","article-title":"Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans","volume":"102","author":"Hingorani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.9.1000","article-title":"Elevated C-reactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"102","author":"Fichtlscherer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.9.3042","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines impair endothelium-dependent dilatation in human veins in vivo","volume":"96","author":"Bhagat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib20","first-page":"822","article-title":"Endothelial stunning following a brief exposure to endotoxin: a mechanism to link infection to infarction?","volume":"32","author":"Bhagat","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib21","unstructured":"United States Census of Population and Housing, 1990 (Public Use Microdata Sample). Available at: www.census.gov. Accessed 10 November 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.2.380","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity and ischemic stroke risk","volume":"29","author":"Sacco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)31372-2","article-title":"The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys","volume":"1","author":"Gentry","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib24","unstructured":"Office of Management and Budget. Race and ethnic standards for federal statistics and administrative reporting (Directive no. 15). Federal Register 4 May 1978;43(87):19269."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.5.929","article-title":"Race-ethnicity and determinants of carotid atherosclerosis in a multi-ethnic population: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study","volume":"28","author":"Sacco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198607173150305","article-title":"A new Chlamydia psittaci strain, TWAR, isolated in acute respiratory tract infections","volume":"315","author":"Grayston","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1086\/322632","article-title":"Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assays: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control","volume":"33","author":"Dowell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.9.2039","article-title":"Acute elevations of plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine and impaired endothelial function in response to a high-fat meal in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Fard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(90)90056-O","article-title":"Progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its determinants: a population-based ultrasonography study","volume":"81","author":"Salonen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.450","article-title":"Relation between hemostatic variables and increase of common carotid intima-media thickness in patients with peripheral arterial disease","volume":"27","author":"Cortellaro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.267.9.1253","article-title":"White blood cell count and cardiovascular disease","volume":"267","author":"Kannel","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(96)00071-0","article-title":"The association of leukocyte count, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein with vascular risk factors and ischemic vascular diseases","volume":"82","author":"Grau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(04)92009-8","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction predicts poor outcome in multi-ethnic population","volume":"43","author":"Grahame-Clarke","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.8.909","article-title":"Some long term effects of smoking on the haemostatic system: a report from the Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Surveys","volume":"40","author":"Yarnell","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116530","article-title":"Leukocyte count correlates in middle-aged adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"136","author":"Nieto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"l","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(90)90056-O","article-title":"Progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its determinants: a population-based ultrasonography study","volume":"81","author":"Salonen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090101035","article-title":"White blood cell count and cardiovascular disease","volume":"267","author":"Kannel","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.254.14.1932","article-title":"Prognostic importance of the white blood cell count for coronary, cancer, and all-cause mortality","volume":"254","author":"Grimm","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.3.836","article-title":"Fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease","volume":"83","author":"Yarnell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113434","article-title":"Leukocyte counts and coronary heart disease in a Japanese cohort","volume":"116","author":"Prentice","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.20.2491","article-title":"Host response to cytomegalovirus infection as a determinant of susceptibility to coronary artery disease: sex-based differences in inflammation and type of immune response","volume":"102","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib42","first-page":"585","article-title":"Cytokines and growth regulatory molecules","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Libby","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.21.2135","article-title":"Perturbation of the T-Cell repertoire in patients with unstable angina","volume":"100","author":"Liuzzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103","article-title":"Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults","volume":"340","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.5.1432","article-title":"Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"96","author":"Bots","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361401","article-title":"Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men","volume":"336","author":"Ridker","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.7.633","article-title":"Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and treatment with azithromycin prevents it in a rabbit model","volume":"97","author":"Muhlestein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.2.404","article-title":"Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, cardiovascular events, and azithromycin in male survivors of myocardial infarction","volume":"96","author":"Gupta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1283","article-title":"Treatment with the antibiotic roxithromycin in patients with acute non-Q-wave coronary syndromes","volume":"20","author":"Gurfinkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002191500500081X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002191500500081X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T14:58:27Z","timestamp":1548687507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002191500500081X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S002191500500081X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}