{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:14:55Z","timestamp":1763036095314},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,28]],"date-time":"2005-12-28T14:59:58Z","timestamp":1135781998000},"page":"455-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Efficacy and tolerability of combined treatment with l-carnitine and simvastatin in lowering lipoprotein(a) serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Solfrizzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Capurso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Colacicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"D\u2019Introno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina A.","family":"Capurso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Gadaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleardo","family":"Koverech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Capurso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Panza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.10.3224","article-title":"Partial amino acids sequence of apolipoprotein(a) shows that it is homologous to plasminogen","volume":"84","author":"Eaton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115855","article-title":"Apolipoprotein(a) gene accounts for greater than 90% of the variation in plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations","volume":"90","author":"Boerwinkle","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.10.1082","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease. Meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"102","author":"Danesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.256.18.2540","article-title":"Lp(a) lipoprotein as a risk factor for myocardial infarction","volume":"256","author":"Rhoads","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90054-X","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) is not associated with coronary heart disease in the elderly: cross-sectional data from the Dubbo study","volume":"99","author":"Simons","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.6.1263","article-title":"Lack of increased coronary atherosclerotic risk due to elevated lipoprotein(a) in women > or = 55 years of age","volume":"94","author":"Sunayama","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)00217-7","article-title":"Elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and small apo(a) isoforms are compatible with longevity: evidence from a large population of French centenarians","volume":"136","author":"Thillet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)00290-6","article-title":"In search of a biological pattern for human longevity: impact of apo A-IV genetic polymorphism on lipoproteins and the hyper-Lp(a) in centenarians","volume":"137","author":"Pepe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02192-6","article-title":"Relation of lipoprotein(a) as coronary risk factor to type 2 diabetes mellitus and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients > or = 65 years of age (The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging)","volume":"89","author":"Solfrizzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.5.942","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) as a strong indicator for cerebrovascular disease","volume":"17","author":"Zenker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.6.732","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein E genotype, and risk of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"72","author":"Solfrizzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.5.1313","article-title":"HMG CoA reductase inhibitors lower LDL cholesterol without reducing Lp(a) levels","volume":"80","author":"Kostner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(89)90134-2","article-title":"Lack of effect of probucol on serum lipoprotein(a) levels","volume":"79","author":"Maeda","year":"1989","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90075-6","article-title":"Reduction of Lp(a) plasma levels by bezafibrate","volume":"100","author":"Maggi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(94)05465-U","article-title":"Effect of gemfibrozil treatment in hypercholesterolemia on low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution and LDL-cell interaction","volume":"114","author":"Franceschini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(91)90239-9","article-title":"Serum Lp(a) concentrations are unaffected by treatment with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Pravastatin: result of a 2-year investigation","volume":"204","author":"Fieseler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib17","first-page":"35","article-title":"Genetic determinants of responsiveness to the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor Fluvastatin in patients with molecularly defined heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"87","author":"Leitersdorf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00311-2","article-title":"A randomized trial of the effects of atorvastatin and niacin in patients with combined hyperlipidemia or isolated hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"104","author":"McKenney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00768.x","article-title":"Apolipoprotein(a) polymorphism predicts the increase of Lp(a) by Pravastatin in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with bile acid sequestration","volume":"23","author":"Klausen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8666","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90884-2","article-title":"Unchanged serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations with lovastatin","volume":"2","author":"Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1993.tb04706.x","article-title":"Effects of one year of treatment with Pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on lipoprotein-a","volume":"33","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90601-8","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of simvastatin and pravastatin for hypercholesterolemia. The Simvastatin Pravastatin Study Group","volume":"71","author":"Group TSPS","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib23","first-page":"95","article-title":"Effect of fluvastatin on plasma apolipoprotein-B-containing particles, including lipoprotein(a)","volume":"236","author":"Dallongeville","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Intern Med Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960180507","article-title":"Effect of simvastatin on Lp(a) concentrations","volume":"18","author":"Haffner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(02)00072-2","article-title":"Atorvastatin lowers lipoprotein(a) but not apolipoprotein(a) fragment levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"164","author":"Gonbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01393.x","article-title":"Pronounced lowering of serum levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) in hyperlipidaemic subjects treated with nicotinic acid","volume":"226","author":"Carlson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00209.x","article-title":"Effects of nicotinic acid on serum cholesterol concentrations of high density lipoprotein subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 in hyperlipoproteinaemia","volume":"228","author":"Wahlberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90102-Z","article-title":"The effect of nicotinic acid and acipimox on lipoprotein(a) concentration and turnover","volume":"101","author":"Seed","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00322.x","article-title":"The additional effects of acipimox to simvastatin in the treatment of combined hyperlipidaemia","volume":"243","author":"Hoogerbrugge","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(92)90249-G","article-title":"Effects of niceritrol on levels of serum lipids, lipoprotein(a), and fibrinogen in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia","volume":"94","author":"Matsunaga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.153.12.1462","article-title":"The lowering of lipoprotein(a) induced by estrogen plus progesterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women","volume":"153","author":"Soma","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib32","first-page":"115","article-title":"Effect of l-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein fatty acids pattern in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia","volume":"149","author":"Stefanutti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-393X(95)85068-6","article-title":"Effects of l-carnitine on elevated lipoprotein(a) levels","volume":"56","author":"Capurso","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200222001-00004","article-title":"Effects of combined treatment with simvastatin and l-carnitine on triglyceride levels in diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia","volume":"22","author":"Brescia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Drug Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib35","first-page":"247","article-title":"l-Carnitine reduces plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with hyper Lp(a)","volume":"10","author":"Sirtori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80130-3","article-title":"The effect of l-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Derosa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.5.995","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic diseases in older Italians: comparing self-reported and clinical diagnoses","volume":"26","author":"The Italian Longitudinal Study on Ageing Working Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183","article-title":"Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.3160","article-title":"Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.16.12.1568","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in stored plasma samples and the ravages of time. Why epidemiological studies might fail","volume":"16","author":"Kronenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199302000-00030","article-title":"Elevated lipoprotein(a) is lowered by a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor in a normocholesterolaemic patient with premature myocardial infarction","volume":"4","author":"Schmidt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1996.0077","article-title":"Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors do not reduce Lp(a) levels in normocholesterolemic patients","volume":"34","author":"Pazzucconi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000203000308","article-title":"The effects of combination therapy with niceritrol and pravastatin on hyperlipidaemia","volume":"30","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80642-0","article-title":"Comparison of lovastatin and bezafibrate on lipoprotein(a) plasma levels in cardiac transplant recipients","volume":"75","author":"Perez-Jimenez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.9.1741","article-title":"Effects of estrus cycle, ovariectomy, and treatment with estrogen, tamoxifen, and progesterone on apolipoprotein(a) gene expression in transgenic mice","volume":"17","author":"Zysow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(90)90093-X","article-title":"Reduction of serum lipoprotein(a) levels in hyperlipidaemic patients with alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate","volume":"84","author":"Noma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib49","first-page":"2858","article-title":"Possible function of short chain and medium chain carnitine acyltransferases","volume":"41","author":"Bieber","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90247-2","article-title":"l-Carnitine treatment in the hyperlipidemic rabbit","volume":"36","author":"Seccombe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915005007744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915005007744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T20:53:03Z","timestamp":1586638383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915005007744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021915005007744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}