{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:08:44Z","timestamp":1790935724689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,25]],"date-time":"2009-04-25T05:06:11Z","timestamp":1240635971000},"page":"318-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["The effects of testosterone on risk factors for, and the mediators of, the atherosclerotic process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"T. Hugh","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib1","series-title":"British heart foundation statistics database","article-title":"Coronary heart disease statistics","author":"Rayner","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90155-9","article-title":"Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population","volume":"111","author":"Lerner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9","article-title":"Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study","volume":"364","author":"Yusuf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib4","first-page":"545","article-title":"Das metabolische Syndrom","volume":"36","author":"Hanefeld","year":"1981","journal-title":"Dtsch Gesundheitwes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005215","article-title":"The dark side of testosterone deficiency. I. Metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Traish","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1414","article-title":"The National Cholesterol Education program-Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization definitions of the metabolic syndrome as predictors of incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2627","article-title":"Is waist circumference an essential component of the metabolic syndrome?","volume":"30","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-4-929","article-title":"Plasma free and non-sex-hormone-binding-globulin-bound testosterone are decreased in obese men in proportion to their degree of obesity","volume":"71","author":"Zumoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90199-7","article-title":"Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men","volume":"40","author":"Pasquali","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90297-P","article-title":"Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose and C-peptide levels but negatively with testosterone levels","volume":"39","author":"Seidell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib11","first-page":"643","article-title":"Obesity, body fat distribution and sex hormones in men","volume":"17","author":"Haffner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90181-M","article-title":"Relationship between serum sex hormones and the glucose\u2013insulin\u2013lipid defect in men with obesity","volume":"42","author":"Phillips","year":"1993","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020567","article-title":"Sex steroid hormones, upper body obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"87","author":"Abate","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib14","first-page":"110","article-title":"Testosterone, body composition and aging","volume":"22","author":"Vermeulen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02755.x","article-title":"Intra-adipose sex steroid metabolism and body fat distribution in idiopathic human obesity","volume":"66","author":"Wake","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2007.09.001","article-title":"Androgens and body fat distribution","volume":"108","author":"Blouin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.03.017","article-title":"Androgens and metabolic syndrome: lessons from androgen receptor knock out (ARKO) mice","volume":"109","author":"Yanase","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801280","article-title":"The adipose tissue metabolism: role of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone","volume":"24","author":"De Pergola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5081","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0741","article-title":"Androgens stimulate myogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis in C3H 10T1\/2 pluripotent cells through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway","volume":"144","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/35053000","article-title":"The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes","volume":"409","author":"Steppan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5452","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021808","article-title":"Serum resistin (FIZZ3) protein is increased in obese humans","volume":"88","author":"Degawa-Yamauchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07281-1","article-title":"Resistin, central obesity, and type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"McTernan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-06-0737","article-title":"The effect of testosterone replacement therapy on adipocytokines and C-reactive protein in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"156","author":"Kapoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2007.0029","article-title":"Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans","volume":"6","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2004.02007.x","article-title":"Serum adiponectin levels in hypogonadal males: influence of testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"60","author":"Lanfranco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.43.2.212","article-title":"Insulin resistance, body fat distribution, and sex hormones in men","volume":"43","author":"Haffner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.82.2.682","article-title":"Association between plasma total testosterone and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adult men: The Telecom Study","volume":"82","author":"Simon","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.1.55","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in older men and women","volume":"25","author":"Oh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.4.490","article-title":"Testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and the development of type 2 diabetes in middle aged men","volume":"23","author":"Stellato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008832","article-title":"Low levels of sex hormone binding globulin and testosterone predict the development of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men","volume":"143","author":"Haffner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-10-807","article-title":"Lower endogenous androgen levels and dyslipidemia in men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"117","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7998","article-title":"Elevated levels of leptin and insulin but not of TNF alpha are associated with hypertension in type 2 diabetic males","volume":"108","author":"Zietz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2007.04.011","article-title":"Relationship between low serum endogenous androgen concentrations and arterial stiffness in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"56","author":"Fukui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2177","article-title":"Low testosterone levels are common and associated with insulin resistance in men with diabetes","volume":"93","author":"Grossmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1426","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical assessment of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes: correlations with bioavailable testosterone and visceral adiposity","volume":"30","author":"Kapoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/tam.6.1.1.7","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation in men with type 2 diabetes, visceral obesity and partial androgen deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Boyanov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02166","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"154","author":"Kapoor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.80.1.239","article-title":"Assimilation and mobilization of triglycerides in subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissue in vivo in men: effects of androgens","volume":"80","author":"Marin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031005","article-title":"Adipocytokines and insulin resistance","volume":"89","author":"Pittas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.7.1636","article-title":"Relationship between testosterone levels, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function in men","volume":"28","author":"Pitteloud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0624","article-title":"The hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle","volume":"52","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0454","article-title":"Acute sex steroid withdrawal reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"92","author":"Yialamas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0893","article-title":"Lower sex hormone-binding globulin is more strongly associated with metabolic syndrome than lower total testosterone in older men: the Health in Men Study","volume":"158","author":"Chubb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(00)01462-4","article-title":"The epidemiology of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with and without coronary artery disease","volume":"86","author":"Maron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.7.1341","article-title":"Risk factors for ischemic stroke: Dubbo Study of the elderly","volume":"29","author":"Simons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1089\/154041903322716705","article-title":"Clinical use of a carbohydrate-restricted diet to treat the dyslipidemia of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Hickey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.160192","article-title":"Overproduction of very low-density lipoproteins is the hallmark of the dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Adiels","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005751","article-title":"The dark side of testosterone deficiency. II. Type 2 diabetes & insulin resistance","volume":"30","author":"Traish","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.3.539","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men. A prospective population-based study","volume":"78","author":"Barrett-Connor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.77.6.1610","article-title":"Relationship of sex hormones to lipids anf lipoproteins in non-diabetic men","volume":"77","author":"Haffner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(02)00069-2","article-title":"Inverse relationship between total testosterone and anti-oxidised low density lipoprotein antibody levels in aging males","volume":"164","author":"Barud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.021121","article-title":"Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with angina improves ischaemic threshold and quality of life","volume":"90","author":"Malkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.045","article-title":"Sex differences in the relation of HDL cholesterol to progression of carotid intima-media thickness: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study","volume":"195","author":"Fan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.522706","article-title":"Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are protective against plaque progression: a follow-up study of 1952 persons with carotid atherosclerosis the Troms\u00f8 study","volume":"112","author":"Johnsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(02)00308-8","article-title":"Differential contribution of testosterone and estradiol in the determination of cholesterol and lipoprotein profile in healthy middle-aged men","volume":"166","author":"Van Pottelbergh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib56","first-page":"P628","article-title":"Testosterone levels correlate positively with HDL cholesterol levels in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Stanworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2007.05.020","article-title":"Obesity in men: the hypogonadal\u2013estrogen receptor relationship and its effect on glucose homeostasis","volume":"70","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1169","article-title":"Aromatase, adiposity, aging and disease. The hypogonadal\u2013metabolic\u2013atherogenic\u2013disease and aging connection","volume":"56","author":"Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.08.006","article-title":"Associations of endogenous sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin with lipid profiles in aged Japanese men and women","volume":"398","author":"Yasui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib60","unstructured":"Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Maric C, et al. Association between lipid profile and circulating concentrations of estrogens in young men. Atherosclerosis. 2008; June 17 [Epub ahead of print]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.01.019","article-title":"The association of endogenous sex hormones with lipoprotein subfraction profile in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-976543","article-title":"Inverse relationship between serum levels of interleukin-1beta and testosterone in men with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"39","author":"Nettleship","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500065","article-title":"Association of endogenous testosterone with blood pressure and left ventricular mass in men. The Troms\u00f8 study","volume":"150","author":"Svartberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198804000-00010","article-title":"Blood pressure and endogenous testosterone in men: an inverse relationship","volume":"6","author":"Khaw","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-158","article-title":"Disparate cardiovascular findings in men and women with essential hypertension","volume":"107","author":"Messerli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382008000300007","article-title":"Inverse correlation between testosterone and ventricle ejection fraction, hemodynamics and exercise capacity in heart failure patients with erectile dysfunction","volume":"34","author":"Bocchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.06.005","article-title":"Adverse effects of anabolic steroids in athletes. A constant threat","volume":"158","author":"Maravelias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1053\/beem.2000.0053","article-title":"Anabolic steroids","volume":"14","author":"Mottram","year":"2000","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(98)80019-4","article-title":"The cardiac toxicity of anabolic steroids","volume":"41","author":"Sullivan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1993.tb00618.x","article-title":"Androgen treatment of abdominally obese men","volume":"1","author":"Marin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obesity Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00441-6","article-title":"Androgen supplementation in eugonadal men with osteoporosis effects of 6 months of treatment on bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Andersen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3844","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0620","article-title":"Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length and body mass index modulate the safety of long-term intramuscular testosterone undecanoate therapy in hypogonadal men","volume":"92","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.01029.x","article-title":"TNF-a knockout mice have increased corpora cavernosa relaxation","volume":"6","author":"Carneiro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03440-3","article-title":"Testosterone inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells","volume":"530","author":"Hatakeyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07667.x","article-title":"Sex hormones modulate inflammatory mediators produced by macrophages","volume":"876","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.6.604","article-title":"Androgens modulate interleukin-6 production by gingival fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"70","author":"Gornstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.8.1330","article-title":"The anti-androgen hydroxyflutamide and androgens inhibit interleukin-6 production by an androgen-responsive human osteoblastic cell line","volume":"14","author":"Hofbauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib78","first-page":"157","article-title":"Effect of gonadal steroids on the production of IL-1 and IL-6 by blood mononuclear cells in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117995","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin-6, osteoclastogenesis, and bone mass by androgens. The role of the androgen receptor","volume":"95","author":"Bellido","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.2060","article-title":"Testosterone acts directly on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 production","volume":"167","author":"Liva","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06779","article-title":"Androgen-replacement therapy depresses the ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines by circulating antigen-presenting cells in aging type-2 diabetic men with partial androgen deficiency","volume":"189","author":"Corrales","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02141.x","article-title":"Gonadotropin treatment restores in vitro interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"132","author":"Musabak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031069","article-title":"The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in hypogonadal men","volume":"89","author":"Malkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0847","article-title":"Endogenous progesterone and the exogenous progestin norethisterone enanthate are associated with a proinflammatory profile in healthy men","volume":"90","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.06.027","article-title":"The effects of short term (3 weeks) testosterone treatment on serum inflammatory markers in men undergoing coronary artery stenting","volume":"109","author":"Guler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.052","article-title":"C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus","volume":"49","author":"Ridker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.007","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in every chart? The use of biomarkers in individual patients","volume":"49","author":"Ben-Yehuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080249","article-title":"Inflammation, C-reactive protein, and atherothrombosis","volume":"79","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","article-title":"Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein","volume":"359","author":"Ridker","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.2005.B0931","article-title":"Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old age male","volume":"B6","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0637","article-title":"Low testosterone and high C-reactive protein concentrations predict low hematocrit in type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Bhatia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000022167.80130.A6","article-title":"Prospective study of effect of androgens on serum inflammatory markers in men","volume":"22","author":"Ng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.1.136","article-title":"The effects of varying doses of testosterone on insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins and C-reactive protein in healthy young men","volume":"87","author":"Singh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/13685530701653538","article-title":"Effects of androgen deprivation on glycaemic control and on cardiovascular biochemical risk factors in men with advanced prostate cancer with diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Haidar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-6-8-549","article-title":"Testosterone propionate therapy in one hundred cases of angina pectoris","volume":"6","author":"Lesser","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi443","article-title":"Testosterone therapy in men with moderate severity heart failure: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Malkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00083-6","article-title":"Acute haemodynamic effects of testosterone in men with chronic heart failure","volume":"24","author":"Pugh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib98","first-page":"344A","article-title":"Prevalence of hypogonadism in men with coronary artery disease","volume":"41","author":"Pugh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901504","article-title":"Low testosterone levels are associated with coronary artery disease in male patients with angina","volume":"19","author":"Rosano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.01059.x","article-title":"Pulse pressure, an index of arterial stiffness, is associated with androgen deficiency and impaired penile blood flow in men with erectile dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Corona","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00856.x","article-title":"Low levels of androgens in men with erectile dysfunction and obesity","volume":"5","author":"Corona","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02202-6","article-title":"Effect of oral administration of testosterone on brachial arterial vasoreactivity in men with coronary artery disease","volume":"89","author":"Kang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.16.1690","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on coronary vasomotor regulation in men with coronary heart disease","volume":"100","author":"Webb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705141","article-title":"The vasodilatory action of testosterone: a potassium-channel opening or calcium antagonistic action?","volume":"138","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.4.1154","article-title":"Testosterone relaxes rabbit coronary arteries and aorta","volume":"91","author":"Yue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.10.2614","article-title":"Testosterone induces dilation of canine coronary conductance and resistance arteries in vivo","volume":"94","author":"Chou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1720","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.4.H1720","article-title":"Testosterone relaxes coronary arteries by opening the large-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channel","volume":"281","author":"Deenadayalu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-007-0213-3","article-title":"Potassium channels are involved in testosterone-induced vasorelaxation of human umbilical artery","volume":"376","author":"Cairr\u00e3o","year":"2008","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344037","article-title":"Testosterone acts as a coronary vasodilator by a calcium antagonistic action","volume":"5","author":"English","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.04.054","article-title":"Testosterone is a potent inhibitor of L-type Ca2+ channels","volume":"318","author":"Scragg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1243","article-title":"Selective inhibition of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in A7r5 cells by physiological levels of testosterone","volume":"147","author":"Hall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2007.07.024","article-title":"The modulatory role of androgens and progestins in the induction of vasorelaxation in human umbilical artery","volume":"81","author":"Perusqu\u00eda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.18","article-title":"Evidence for the participation of calcium in non-genomic relaxations induced by androgenic steroids in rat vas deferens","volume":"153","author":"Lafayette","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.6.2742","article-title":"Testosterone-induced relaxation of rat aorta is androgen structure specific and involves K+ channel activation","volume":"91","author":"Ding","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704522","article-title":"Testosterone-induced vasorelaxation in the rat mesenteric arterial bed is mediated predominantly via potassium channels","volume":"135","author":"Tep-areenan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00465-8","article-title":"Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in male body builders taking anabolic-androgenic steroids","volume":"158","author":"Ebenbichler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2006.01667.x","article-title":"Impaired vasoreactivity in bodybuilders using androgenic anabolic steroids","volume":"36","author":"Lane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.05.004","article-title":"Long-term psychiatric and medical consequences of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse: a looming public health concern?","volume":"98","author":"Kanayama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060102","article-title":"Testosterone and vascular reactivity","volume":"11","author":"Iliescu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1398","article-title":"Vascular reactivity in congenital hypogonadal men before and after testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"91","author":"Bernini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020504","article-title":"Vascular reactivity in hypogonadal men is reduced by androgen substitution","volume":"87","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022287","article-title":"Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk","volume":"348","author":"Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.12.074","article-title":"Impaired progenitor cell activity in age-related endothelial dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Heiss","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01183.2006","article-title":"Aging, exercise, and endothelial progenitor cell clonogenic and migratory capacity in men","volume":"102","author":"Hoetzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-008-0742-z","article-title":"Impaired endothelial progenitor cell function predicts age-dependent carotid intimal thickening","volume":"103","author":"Keymel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1301.093953","article-title":"Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease","volume":"89","author":"Vasa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4599","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0763","article-title":"Reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in hypogonadal men","volume":"91","author":"Foresta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.03036.x","article-title":"Androgens stimulate endothelial progenitor cells through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway","volume":"68","author":"Foresta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2008.02.003","article-title":"Regulation of endothelin-1 release from human endothelial cells by sex steroids and angiotensin-II","volume":"29","author":"Pearson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2002.00468.x","article-title":"Increased plasma endothelin levels in patients with male hypogonadism","volume":"34","author":"Kumanov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2006.00706.x","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy in male hypogonadism is not associated with increase of endothelin-1 levels","volume":"30","author":"Kumanov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.5.701","article-title":"The association of hypotestosteronemia with coronary artery disease in men","volume":"14","author":"Phillips","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib133","first-page":"412","article-title":"Endogenous testosterone, fibrinolysis, and coronary heart disease risk in hyperlipidemic men","volume":"122","author":"Glueck","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1081\/ERC-120015055","article-title":"Bio-available testosterone levels fall acutely following myocardial infarction in men: association with fibrinolytic factors","volume":"28","author":"Pugh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01848","article-title":"Testosterone does not adversely affect fibrinogen or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in 46 men with chronic stable angina","volume":"152","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199605000-00002","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue plasminogen activator antigen in men","volume":"311","author":"Beer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(89)90014-0","article-title":"Plasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma is related to testosterone in men","volume":"38","author":"Caron","year":"1989","journal-title":"Metabol Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000125854.51637.06","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men","volume":"109","author":"Muller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01637.x","article-title":"Low testosterone levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis in men","volume":"259","author":"Svartberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.052","article-title":"Increased carotid atherosclerosis in andropausal middle-aged men","volume":"45","author":"Makinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/07435800500449494","article-title":"The inverse relationship between thoracic aortic intima media thickness and testosterone level","volume":"31","author":"Demirbag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1869","article-title":"Association between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Fukui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib143","first-page":"54","article-title":"Testosterone administration decreases carotid artery intima media thickness as indicator of vascular damage in middle-aged overweight men","volume":"29","author":"Zitzmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90053-W","article-title":"Effect of testosterone on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits with similar plasma cholesterol levels","volume":"99","author":"Larsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.84.7.813","article-title":"Natural androgens inhibit male atherosclerosis: a study in castrated, cholesterol-fed rabbits","volume":"84","author":"Alexandersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.10.2192","article-title":"Gender-specific differences in the effects of testosterone and estrogen on the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits","volume":"17","author":"Bruck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3589","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051003698","article-title":"Testosterone inhibits early atherogenesis by conversion to estradiol: Critical role of aromatase","volume":"98","author":"Nathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Nat Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.708768","article-title":"Physiological testosterone replacement therapy attenuates fatty streak formation and improves HDL-C in the Tfm mouse: an effect which is independent of the classical androgen receptor","volume":"116","author":"Nettleship","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200505030-00001","article-title":"Testosterone and atherosclerosis in aging men: purported association and clinical implications","volume":"5","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2174\/187152907780830888","article-title":"Testosterone and cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia","volume":"7","author":"Tsang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707624","article-title":"Testosterone protects rat hearts against ischaemic insults by enhancing the effects of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulation","volume":"153","author":"Tsang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1168","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00833.2005","article-title":"Brief exposure to exogenous testosterone increases death signaling and adversely affects myocardial function after ischemia","volume":"290","author":"Crisostomo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H221","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00784.2004","article-title":"Role of endogenous testosterone in myocardial proinflammatory and proapoptotic signaling after acute ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"288","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06628_1.x","article-title":"Hypoandrogen-metabolic syndrome: a significant issue for men's health","volume":"98","author":"Mohammed","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E234","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00059.2005","article-title":"Relationship between androgenic hormones and arterial stiffness, based on longitudinal hormone measurements","volume":"290","author":"Hougaku","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51515.x","article-title":"The relationship between androgens and arterial stiffness in older men","volume":"51","author":"Dockery","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.489088","article-title":"Cortisol, testosterone, and coronary heart disease: prospective evidence from the Caerphilly study","volume":"112","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22933","article-title":"Androgen deprivation therapy increases cardiovascular morbidity in men with prostate cancer","volume":"110","author":"Saigal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.2497","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"24","author":"Keating","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm168","article-title":"Androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer and the risk of cardiovascular mortality","volume":"99","author":"Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.3369","article-title":"Influence of androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer on the frequency and timing of fatal myocardial infarctions","volume":"25","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.1.35","article-title":"Androgens alter the cytokine profile and reduce encephalitogenicity of myelin-reactive T cells","volume":"162","author":"Bebo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2007.07.002","article-title":"Testosterone associations with erectile dysfunction, diabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib164","unstructured":"World Health Organization fact sheet No. 317, February 2007. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs317\/en\/print.html, accessed 26 September 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib165","first-page":"791","article-title":"Effect of testosterone on abdominal adipose tissue in men","volume":"15","author":"Rebuffe-Scrive","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.75.4.1092","article-title":"Effects of testosterone supplementation in the aging male","volume":"75","author":"Tenover","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00233.x","article-title":"Testosterone and regional fat distribution","volume":"3","author":"Marin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.8.2647","article-title":"Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age","volume":"84","author":"Snyder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M266","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.5.M266","article-title":"Effects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levels","volume":"56","author":"Kenny","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.12.2149","article-title":"Androgen therapy improves insulin sensitivity and decreases leptin level in healthy adult men with low plasma total testosterone","volume":"24","author":"Simon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.13.6.629","article-title":"Effect of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"13","author":"Naharci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010701730880","article-title":"An exploratory study of the effects of 12 month administration of the novel long-acting testosterone undecanoate on measures of sexual function and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Saad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Androl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.002774","article-title":"A dose-response study of testosterone on sexual dysfunction and features of the metabolic syndrome using testosterone gel and parenteral testosterone undecanoate","volume":"29","author":"Saad","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib174","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of testosterone treatment on postprandial triglyceride metabolism in elderly men with subnormal testosterone levels","volume":"11","author":"Agledahl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1291","article-title":"Testosterone therapy prevents gain in visceral adipose tissue and loss of skeletal muscle in nonobese aging men","volume":"93","author":"Allan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib176","first-page":"pA37","article-title":"An international study of testosterone (T) gel in hypogonadal men with type II diabetes (T2D) and\/or metabolic syndrome (METS, IDF criteria): The TIMES2 study","volume":"1","author":"Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.261.8.1165","article-title":"Contrasting effects of testosterone and stanozolol on serum lipoprotein levels","volume":"261","author":"Thompson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.79.2.561","article-title":"Metabolic and behavioral effects of high dose exogenous testosterone in healthy men","volume":"79","author":"Bagatell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)05673-4","article-title":"Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on lipids and lipoproteins in hypogonadal and elderly men","volume":"121","author":"Zgliczynski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.38.73","article-title":"Beneficial Effects of testosterone undecanoate on the lipoprotein profiles in healthy elderly men","volume":"38","author":"Uyanik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-978950","article-title":"Effect of testosterone replacement on whole body glucose utilisation and other cardiovascular risk factors in males with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"30","author":"Tripathy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hormone Metabolic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01297.x","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of testosterone replacement in men with mild Leydig cell insufficiency following cytotoxic chemotherapy","volume":"55","author":"Howell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.9.4078","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controled, randomized clinical trial of transdermal dihydrotestosterone gel on muscular strength, mobility, and quality of life in older men with partial androgen deficiency","volume":"86","author":"Ly","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-2-5-325","article-title":"Testosterone propionate in the treatment of angina pectoris","volume":"2","author":"Hamm","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-2-9-560","article-title":"The use of testosterone propionate and estrogenic substance in treatment of essential hypertension, angina pectoris and peripheral vascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Walker","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194311182292102","article-title":"The therapeutic value of testosterone propionate in angina pectoris","volume":"229","author":"Levine","year":"1943","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib187","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Treatment of angina pectoris by testosterone","volume":"43","author":"Sigler","year":"1943","journal-title":"NY State J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.39.11.1217","article-title":"Effect of testosterone cypionate on postexercise ST segment depression","volume":"9","author":"Jaffe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib189","first-page":"415","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of an androgenic preparation on myocardial ischemia and cardiac function in 62 elderly male coronary heart disease patients","volume":"106","author":"Wu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.13.1666","article-title":"Acute anti-ischemic effect of testosterone in men with coronary artery disease","volume":"99","author":"Rosano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00880-7","article-title":"Effect of acute testosterone on myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease","volume":"83","author":"Webb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.16.1906","article-title":"Low-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"102","author":"English","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915009003037?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915009003037?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T18:45:17Z","timestamp":1710269117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915009003037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":192,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021915009003037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}}}