{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:00:34Z","timestamp":1787673634372,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1KL2RR025015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1KL2RR025015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["atherosclerosis-journal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T21:00:29Z","timestamp":1390338029000},"page":"387-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Associations between \u03b3-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and biomarkers of atherosclerosis: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8073-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan D.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette L.","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duk-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Swords Jenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0039","article-title":"Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Evans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a02","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02589.x","article-title":"Review article: the metabolic syndrome \u2013 a chronic cardiovascular inflammatory condition","volume":"22","author":"Zambon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.1302","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species as mediators of calcium signaling by angiotensin II: implications in vascular physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"7","author":"Touyz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.09.005","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients without clinical macrovascular complications","volume":"79","author":"De Mattia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-7560(200003\/04)16:2<125::AID-DMRR90>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"The post-prandial state and cardiovascular disease: relevance to diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Ceriello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027569.76671.A8","article-title":"Evidence for an independent and cumulative effect of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress generation: effects of short- and long-term simvastatin treatment","volume":"106","author":"Ceriello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.08.074","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus","volume":"41","author":"Pereira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a03","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib8","first-page":"933S","article-title":"Antioxidant nutrients and chronic disease: use of biomarkers of exposure and oxidative stress status in epidemiologic research","volume":"133","author":"Mayne","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/13813450701661198","article-title":"The central role of glutathione in the pathophysiology of human disease","volume":"113","author":"Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib10","first-page":"22","article-title":"Glutathione, glutathione-related enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity in patients on maintenance dialysis","volume":"3","author":"Ahmadpoor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0910575","article-title":"Negative association between erythrocyte reduced glutathione concentration and diabetic complications","volume":"91","author":"Thornalley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(69)90064-5","article-title":"Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissues","volume":"27","author":"Tietze","year":"1969","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04690.x","article-title":"Glutathione in defense and signaling: lessons from a small thiol","volume":"973","author":"Dickinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760410001694026","article-title":"Is serum gamma glutamyltransferase a marker of oxidative stress?","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic Re"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.079814","article-title":"A\u00a0strong interaction between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and obesity on the risk of prevalent type 2 diabetes: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"53","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1373\/49.8.1358","article-title":"Gamma-glutamyltransferase is a predictor of incident diabetes and hypertension: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","volume":"49","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl086","article-title":"Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease among 28,838 middle-aged men and women","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.01.010","article-title":"Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is a predictor of incident coronary events in apparently healthy men from the general population","volume":"189","author":"Meisinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01572.x","article-title":"Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women from the general population","volume":"258","author":"Meisinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760701836821","article-title":"Plasma glutathione levels are independently associated with gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"42","author":"Sedda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.13.71","article-title":"Associations between total serum GGT activity and metabolic risk: MESA","volume":"7","author":"Bradley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.290","article-title":"Standardization of gamma-glutamyltransferase assays by intermethod calibration. Effect on determining common reference limits","volume":"45","author":"Steinmetz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/22.1.103","article-title":"Effects of storage in the cold on activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase in serum","volume":"22","author":"Rhone","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(86)90590-7","article-title":"Adaptation of a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase assay to microtiter plates","volume":"158","author":"Silber","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113","article-title":"Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design","volume":"156","author":"Bild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.15.1487","article-title":"Oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in patients with acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease","volume":"98","author":"Holvoet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.5.844","article-title":"Circulating oxidized LDL is a useful marker for identifying patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"21","author":"Holvoet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.036806","article-title":"Variability of serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 measurements attributable to a common polymorphism","volume":"50","author":"Register","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/13547500701617708","article-title":"Correlation between two markers of inflammation, serum C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, and indices of oxidative stress in patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"13","author":"Il'yasova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-011-9295-0","article-title":"Elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein correlate positively with C-reactive protein in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(82)90258-3","article-title":"gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity in liver disease: serum elevation is independent of hepatic GGTP activity","volume":"125","author":"Selinger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta Int J Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915014000331?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915014000331?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:35:47Z","timestamp":1758155747000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915014000331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021915014000331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between \u03b3-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and biomarkers of atherosclerosis: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}