{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:32:52Z","timestamp":1793413972366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["5R01DK061486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DK061486"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["5P20RR017662-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P20RR017662-08"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCT00286234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCT00286234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)\/EPSCoR","award":["0091948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0091948"]}]},{"name":"State of South Dakota"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["atherosclerosis-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,25]],"date-time":"2015-04-25T14:11:34Z","timestamp":1429971094000},"page":"520-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of niacin and omega-3 fatty acids on the apolipoproteins in overweight patients with elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Olga V.","family":"Savinova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Fillaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory C.","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.064","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult U.S. population, 1999\u20132010","volume":"62","author":"Beltran-Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Mottillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.02.031","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Galassi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3213","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"Berglund","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","article-title":"2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)","volume":"311","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-9912","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the study of Diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Nathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(55)90070-9","article-title":"Influence of nicotinic acid on serum cholesterol in man","volume":"54","author":"Altschul","year":"1955","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib9","first-page":"377","article-title":"Changes in concentration of blood lipids following prolonged administration of large doses of nicotinic acid to persons with hypercholesterolemia: preliminary observations","volume":"31","author":"Parsons","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80293-5","article-title":"Fifteen year mortality in coronary drug project patients: long-term benefit with niacin","volume":"8","author":"Canner","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00448-2","article-title":"Effectiveness of once-nightly dosing of extended-release niacin alone and in combination for hypercholesterolemia","volume":"82","author":"Guyton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.07.018","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of adding prescription omega-3 fatty acids 4 g\/d to simvastatin 40 mg\/d in hypertriglyceridemic patients: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"29","author":"Davidson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199710000-00011","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Omacor in severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"4","author":"Harris","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Risk"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R040592","article-title":"Niacin, an old drug with a new twist","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2012.10.036","article-title":"Nicotinic acid as a lipid-modifying drug\u2013a review","volume":"14","author":"Julius","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319170017","article-title":"The role of niacin in lipid-lowering treatment: are we aiming too high?","volume":"19","author":"Gouni-Berthold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.10.011","article-title":"Fish oil \u2013 how does it reduce plasma triglycerides?","volume":"1821","author":"Shearer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2009.08.001","article-title":"Effects of prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters on lipoprotein particle concentrations, apolipoproteins AI and CIII, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) mass in statin-treated subjects with hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"3","author":"Davidson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107579","article-title":"Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy","volume":"365","author":"Boden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948562","article-title":"OMEGA, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction","volume":"122","author":"Rauch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11374","article-title":"Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"308","author":"Rizos","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000014682.14181.F2","article-title":"Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction: time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-Prevenzione","volume":"105","author":"Marchioli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.09.70","article-title":"Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and rosuvastatin in patients with heart failure: results of the GISSI-HF trial","volume":"7","author":"Marchioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60527-3","article-title":"Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis","volume":"369","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P022392","article-title":"Effects of prescription niacin and omega-3 fatty acids on lipids and vascular function in metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Shearer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104833","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104833","article-title":"Reduced apolipoprotein glycosylation in patients with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Savinova","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(86)28066-0","article-title":"Sequential flotation ultracentrifugation","volume":"128","author":"Schumaker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.959247","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B as markers of cardiovascular risk","volume":"4","author":"Sniderman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.07.007","article-title":"Meta-analysis of comparison of effectiveness of lowering apolipoprotein B versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol for cardiovascular risk reduction in randomized trials","volume":"110","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.06.051","article-title":"Relationship of apolipoproteins A-1 and B, and lipoprotein(a) to cardiovascular outcomes: the AIM-HIGH trial (Atherothrombosis intervention in metabolic syndrome with low HDL\/High triglyceride and impact on global health Outcomes)","volume":"62","author":"Albers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2013.09.002","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of TAK-085 in Japanese subjects with hypertriglyceridemia undergoing lifestyle modification: the omega-3 fatty acids randomized long-term (ORL) study","volume":"7","author":"Tatsuno","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.09.001","article-title":"Effects of prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters, coadministered with atorvastatin, on circulating levels of lipoprotein particles, apolipoprotein CIII, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 mass in men and women with mixed dyslipidemia","volume":"5","author":"Maki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-199815060-00003","article-title":"Omega-3 ethyl ester concentrate decreases total apolipoprotein CIII and increases Antithrombin III in postmyocardial infarction patients","volume":"15","author":"Swahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00097-2","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E and atherosclerosis: insight from animal and human studies","volume":"286","author":"Davignon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.037","article-title":"Comparative effects on lipid levels of combination therapy with a statin and extended-release niacin or ezetimibe versus a statin alone (the COMPELL study)","volume":"192","author":"McKenney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.024","article-title":"Prospective study of coronary heart disease vs. HDL2, HDL3, and other lipoproteins in Gofman's Livermore Cohort","volume":"214","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1021\/pr800751x","article-title":"O-glycoside biomarker of apolipoprotein C3: responsiveness to obesity, bariatric surgery, and therapy with metformin, to chronic or severe liver disease and to mortality in severe sepsis and graft vs host disease","volume":"8","author":"Harvey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000176951","article-title":"Effects of severe caloric restriction on the degree of sialylation of apoprotein C-III in obese women","volume":"29","author":"Bosello","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib39","first-page":"497","article-title":"Presence of Apo B48, and relative Apo CII deficiency and Apo CIII enrichment in uremic very-low density lipoproteins","volume":"47","author":"Atger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)90639-5","article-title":"Isolation of atherogenic modified (desialylated) low density lipoprotein from blood of atherosclerotic patients: separation from native lipoprotein by affinity chromatography","volume":"167","author":"Tertov","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91982-7","article-title":"Modification of low density lipoprotein by desialylation causes lipid accumulation in cultured cells: discovery of desialylated lipoprotein with altered cellular metabolism in the blood of atherosclerotic patients","volume":"162","author":"Orekhov","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40729-1","article-title":"Carbohydrate composition of protein and lipid components in sialic acid-rich and -poor low density lipoproteins from subjects with and without coronary artery disease","volume":"34","author":"Tertov","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00071-4","article-title":"Sialic acid-containing components of lipoproteins influence lipoprotein-proteoglycan interactions","volume":"145","author":"Millar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300955","article-title":"Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients","volume":"371","author":"Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248413514481","article-title":"The therapeutic role of niacin in dyslipidemia management","volume":"19","author":"Boden","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000017","article-title":"Niacin: a long history, but a questionable future","volume":"24","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32835bf380","article-title":"Are n-3 fatty acids still cardioprotective?","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514001408","article-title":"Pitfalls in the use of randomised controlled trials for fish oil studies with cardiac patients","volume":"112","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.12.1585","article-title":"Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Robins","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915015010114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915015010114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T02:36:18Z","timestamp":1651804578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915015010114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021915015010114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of niacin and omega-3 fatty acids on the apolipoproteins in overweight patients with elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.793","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}