{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:47:52Z","timestamp":1790203672019,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","atherosclerosis-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T11:54:52Z","timestamp":1445860492000},"page":"638-644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide are confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Allenspach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph H.","family":"Saely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Muendlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Vonbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Drexel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"von Eckardstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000442015.53336.12","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132014 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Go","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00004115","article-title":"Seasonal variations of trimethylamine oxide and urea in the blood of a cold-adapted marine teleost, the rainbow smelt","volume":"13","author":"Raymond","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fish. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109400","article-title":"Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk","volume":"368","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu002","article-title":"Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-n-oxide","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.011","article-title":"Trimethylamine-n-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation","volume":"17","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(13)60750-0","article-title":"Prognostic value of elevated levels of intestinal microflora-generated metabolite trimethylamine-n-oxide in patients with heart failure: the gut hypothesis revisited","volume":"61","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12328","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-n-oxide is associated with disease severity and survival of patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"277","author":"Troseid","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2014.03.001","article-title":"Dietary trimethylamine n-oxide exacerbates impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high fat diet","volume":"118","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7442","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1835","article-title":"Plasma choline metabolites and colorectal cancer risk in the women's health initiative observational study","volume":"74","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3145","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Koeth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114969","article-title":"Betaine and trimethylamine-n-oxide as predictors of cardiovascular outcomes show different patterns in diabetes mellitus: an observational study","volume":"9","author":"Lever","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.07.024","article-title":"Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase are associated with the metabolic syndrome but not with angiographically determined coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"397","author":"Saely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving global outcomes (kdigo) acute kidney injury work group. Kdigo clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury","volume":"2","author":"Kidney disease","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Inter."},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-S081","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"37","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2012.10.038","article-title":"Validation of an lc-ms\/ms method for the quantification of choline-related compounds and phospholipids in foods and tissues","volume":"911","author":"Xiong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chromatogr. Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0231(19990630)13:12<1175::AID-RCM639>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds","volume":"13","author":"Bonfiglio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1021\/ac020361s","article-title":"Strategies for the assessment of matrix effect in quantitative bioanalytical methods based on hplc-ms\/ms","volume":"75","author":"Matuszewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10600","DOI":"10.1021\/ac502205y","article-title":"Profiling of stable isotope enrichment in specialized metabolites using liquid chromatography and multiplexed nonselective collision-induced dissociation","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(91)90162-A","article-title":"Metabolites in the developing rat liver\u2013a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study","volume":"1074","author":"Rafter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib22","article-title":"Serum trimethylamine-n-oxide is elevated in ckd and correlates with coronary atherosclerosis burden","author":"Stubbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012101006","article-title":"A\u00a0combined epidemiologic and metabolomic approach improves ckd prediction","volume":"24","author":"Rhee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.305360","article-title":"Gut microbiota-dependent trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) pathway contributes to both development of renal insufficiency and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease","volume":"116","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/jren.2000.7411","article-title":"Changes in plasma free and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"10","author":"Buchman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Ren. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(02)00319-3","article-title":"Free choline and phospholipid-bound choline concentrations in serum and dialysate during peritoneal dialysis in children and adults","volume":"35","author":"Ilcol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563214545346","article-title":"Variation of betaine, n,n-dimethylglycine, choline, glycerophosphorylcholine, taurine and trimethylamine-n-oxide in the plasma and urine of overweight people with type 2 diabetes over a two-year period","volume":"52","author":"McEntyre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2015.06.016","article-title":"The relationship between trimethylamine-n-oxide and prevalent cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic population living in canada","author":"Mente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2007.05.001","article-title":"Whole blood choline and plasma choline in acute coronary syndromes: prognostic and pathophysiological implications","volume":"383","author":"Danne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.10.2","article-title":"Choline in acute coronary syndrome: an emerging biomarker with implications for the integrated assessment of plaque vulnerability","volume":"10","author":"Danne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib31","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent marker tmao is elevated in silent ischemia but is not associated with first-time myocardial infarction in HIV infection","author":"Haissman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2009.03.049","article-title":"Choline for diagnosis and prognostication of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department","volume":"404","author":"Body","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000089842","article-title":"Choline produces cytoprotective effects against ischemic myocardial injuries: evidence for the role of cardiac m3 subtype muscarinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005963107","article-title":"Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from europe and rural africa","volume":"107","author":"De Filippo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.2.1027-1033.2006","article-title":"Differences in fecal microbiota in different european study populations in relation to age, gender, and country: a cross-sectional study","volume":"72","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2015.3","article-title":"Comparison of the gut microbiota of people in france and saudi arabia","volume":"5","author":"Yasir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-253","article-title":"Cardiovascular health: a cross-national comparison between the maine syracuse study (central new york, USA) and oriscav-lux (luxembourg)","volume":"14","author":"Crichton","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010002077","article-title":"Trends in meat consumption in the USA","volume":"14","author":"Daniel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-136","article-title":"Processing of meats and cardiovascular risk: time to focus on preservatives","volume":"11","author":"Micha","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3354\/meps300213","article-title":"Detection of food intake in a marine mammal using marine osmolytes and their analogues as dietary biomarkers","volume":"300","author":"Eisert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399409531853","article-title":"Urinary excretion of methylamines in men with varying intake of fish from the baltic sea","volume":"41","author":"Svensson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2337","article-title":"Fish consumption, fish oil, lipids, and coronary heart disease","volume":"94","author":"Stone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94","article-title":"Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"106","author":"Kris-Etherton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.013","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine and cardiovascular risk","volume":"231","author":"Ussher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915015301751?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915015301751?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T03:54:28Z","timestamp":1537242868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915015301751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021915015301751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide are confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.091","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}