{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:06:53Z","timestamp":1769638013841,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","atherosclerosis-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,14]],"date-time":"2015-11-14T10:47:35Z","timestamp":1447498055000},"page":"101-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Early in\u00a0vivo discrimination of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt: A serial MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0986-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan A.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alkystis","family":"Phinikaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Killiany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.179739","article-title":"Concept of vulnerable\/unstable plaque","volume":"30","author":"Finn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.36","article-title":"Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology","volume":"89","author":"Vanderwal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.7.1354","article-title":"Coronary plaque erosion without rupture into a lipid core \u2013 a frequent cause of coronary thrombosis in sudden coronary death","volume":"93","author":"Farb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.191259","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2009 update a report from the American heart association statistics committee and stroke statistics subcommittee","volume":"119","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib5","first-page":"309","article-title":"Nature or the natural evolution of plaque: what matters?","volume":"8","author":"Aursulesei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maedica (Buchar)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.24.2666","article-title":"Measurement of atherosclerotic carotid plaque size in\u00a0vivo using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"98","author":"Yuan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.8.1956","article-title":"MRI of rabbit atherosclerosis in response to dietary cholesterol lowering","volume":"19","author":"McConnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.15.1541","article-title":"Noninvasive in\u00a0vivo high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic lesions in genetically engineered mice","volume":"98","author":"Fayad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.918524","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque by MRI in a rabbit model","volume":"3","author":"Phinikaridou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01141-X","article-title":"Atherosclerotic aortic component quantification by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging: an in\u00a0vivo study in rabbits","volume":"37","author":"Helft","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.10.088","article-title":"High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of carotid atherosclerosis identifies vulnerable carotid plaques","volume":"57","author":"Millon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10246","article-title":"Serial, noninvasive, in\u00a0vivo magnetic resonance microscopy detects the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and its progression by arterial wall remodeling","volume":"17","author":"Choudhury","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.110.957209","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-\/- mice using susceptibility gradient mapping","volume":"4","author":"Makowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0195-69","article-title":"Serial magnetic-resonance-imaging of experimental atherosclerosis detects lesion fine-structure, progression and complications in-vivo","volume":"1","author":"Skinner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.586","article-title":"Serial in\u00a0vivo MRI documents arterial remodeling in experimental atherosclerosis","volume":"101","author":"Worthley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0802.104325","article-title":"Progression and regression of atherosclerotic lesions \u2013 monitoring with serial noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"105","author":"Helft","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-13-10","article-title":"CMR assessment of endothelial damage and angiogenesis in porcine coronary arteries using gadofosveset","volume":"13","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010536","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in carotid atherosclerotic plaque and contrast-enhanced MRI in a swine model","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurointerv. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000060200.73623.F8","article-title":"Rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque: does a good animal model exist?","volume":"23","author":"Cullen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/path.915","article-title":"Spontaneous plaque rupture and secondary thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient and LDL receptor-deficient mice","volume":"195","author":"Calara","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901678","article-title":"Natural history of experimental coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling in relation to endothelial shear stress: a serial, in\u00a0vivo intravascular ultrasound study","volume":"121","author":"Koskinas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1410","article-title":"Vulnerable plaque in a Swine model of carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21113","article-title":"MRI of early- and late-stage arterial remodeling in a low-level cholesterol-fed rabbit model of atherosclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Ronald","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.3.776","article-title":"Triggering of plaque disruption and arterial thrombosis in an atherosclerotic rabbit model","volume":"91","author":"Abela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib25","first-page":"197","article-title":"Rabbit arterial thrombosis production by systemic procedures","volume":"72","author":"Constantinides","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800460-JLR200","article-title":"A\u00a0robust rabbit model of human atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis","volume":"50","author":"Phinikaridou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.5.1177","article-title":"Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: an update","volume":"20","author":"Stary","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.000176","article-title":"Regions of low endothelial shear stress colocalize with positive vascular remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque disruption: an in\u00a0vivo magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"6","author":"Phinikaridou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)80017-B","article-title":"Remodeling of de-novo atherosclerotic lesions in femoral arteries \u2013 impact on mechanism of balloon angioplasty","volume":"26","author":"Pasterkamp","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.068","article-title":"Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Motoyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.598","article-title":"Extent and direction of arterial remodeling in stable versus unstable coronary syndromes \u2013 an intravascular ultrasound study","volume":"101","author":"Schoenhagen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198705283162204","article-title":"Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries","volume":"316","author":"Glagov","year":"1987","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0802.104327","article-title":"Relationship between coronary artery remodeling and plaque vulnerability","volume":"105","author":"Varnava","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.05.005","article-title":"Association between IVUS findings and adverse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: the VIVA (VH-IVUS in Vulnerable Atherosclerosis) study","volume":"4","author":"Calvert","year":"2011","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.044","article-title":"Multislice computed tomographic characteristics of coronary lesions in acute coronary syndromes","volume":"50","author":"Motoyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.6.2570","article-title":"Focal compensatory enlargement of human arteries in response to progressive atherosclerosis \u2013 in-vivo documentation using intravascular ultrasound","volume":"89","author":"Losordo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00071-X","article-title":"Contribution of inadequate compensatory enlargement to development of human coronary artery stenosis: an in\u00a0vivo intravascular ultrasound study","volume":"27","author":"Nishioka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00304-0","article-title":"Relation of arterial geometry to luminal narrowing and histologic markers for plaque vulnerability: the remodeling paradox","volume":"32","author":"Pasterkamp","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib39","article-title":"Positive remodeling is associated with vulnerable coronary plaque components regardless of clinical presentation: virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis","volume":"58","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.052","article-title":"Delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance coronary artery wall imaging \u2013 comparison with multislice computed tomography and quantitative coronary angiography","volume":"50","author":"Yeon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-0965-2","article-title":"MR imaging of thrombi using EP-2104R, a fibrin-specific contrast agent: initial results in patients","volume":"18","author":"Spuentrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3180592a93","article-title":"High-resolution three-dimensional aortic magnetic resonance angiography and quantitative vessel wall characterization of different atherosclerotic stages in a rabbit model","volume":"42","author":"Steen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200701000-00011","article-title":"Intertwining of thrombosis and inflammation in atherosclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Croce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","article-title":"Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease","volume":"352","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.054","article-title":"Prevalence of American heart association type VI carotid atherosclerotic lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging for different levels of stenosis as measured by duplex ultrasound","volume":"51","author":"Saam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-14-45","article-title":"Detection of thrombus size and protein content by ex\u00a0vivo magnetization transfer and diffusion weighted MRI","volume":"14","author":"Phinikaridou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-1463","article-title":"Arterial (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake reflects balloon catheter-induced thrombus formation and tissue factor expression via nuclear factor-kappaB in rabbit atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"77","author":"Yamashita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib48","first-page":"424929","article-title":"A\u00a0rabbit model of thrombosis on atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"2011","author":"Yamashita","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20814","article-title":"Automated in\u00a0vivo segmentation of carotid plaque MRI with morphology-enhanced probability maps","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915015302094?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915015302094?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T14:26:01Z","timestamp":1537194361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915015302094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0021915015302094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early in\u00a0vivo discrimination of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt: A serial MRI study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}