{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:48:30Z","timestamp":1784940510070,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006483","name":"AbbVie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006483","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish government RETIC","award":["RD12\/0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD12\/0021"]}]},{"name":"Spanish government RETIC","award":["FIS PI13\/01565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI13\/01565"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII-FEDER","award":["PI 11\/01549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 11\/01549"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII-FEDER","award":["PI 11\/01549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 11\/01549"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII-FEDER","award":["PI 14\/00557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI 14\/00557"]}]},{"name":"ISCIII RETIC REDINREN","award":["RD16\/0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","atherosclerosis-journal.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,29]],"date-time":"2016-08-29T15:44:18Z","timestamp":1472485458000},"page":"135-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity as a biomarker of silent atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Lidia","family":"Anguiano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4362-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Riera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Valdivielso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angels","family":"Betriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Clotet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Mojal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-0766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000102971.85504.7c","article-title":"Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American heart association councils on kidney in cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure research, clinical cardiology, and epidemiology and prevention","volume":"42","author":"Sarnak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000143892.84582.60","article-title":"Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in people with chronic kidney disease","volume":"110","author":"Tonelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib4","first-page":"659","volume":"vol. 164","author":"Keith","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.196980","article-title":"The value of carotid intima-media thickness for predicting cardiovascular risk","volume":"30","author":"Simon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.08.030","article-title":"Surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in CKD: what's under the hood?","volume":"57","author":"Rubin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu017","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk markers associated with arterial calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease Stages 3 and 4","volume":"7","author":"Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.017","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease - a cross-sectional study of predialysis, dialysis and kidney-transplantation patients","volume":"216","author":"Recio-Mayoral","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00205.x","article-title":"Impact of carotid atherosclerosis on long-term mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"64","author":"Kato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-13-96","article-title":"Clinical significance of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and its relationship with echocardiographic parameters in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-11-14","article-title":"Predicting cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease in Spain. The rationale and design of NEFRONA: a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Junyent","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib12","first-page":"119","article-title":"Usefulness of imaging techniques and novel biomarkers in the prediction of cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease in Spain: the NEFRONA project","volume":"30","author":"Junyent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nefrol Publicaci\u00f3n Of La Soc Espa\u00f1ola Nefrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu038","article-title":"Prevalence of subclinical atheromatosis and associated risk factors in chronic kidney disease: the NEFRONA study","volume":"29","author":"Betriu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-168","article-title":"Observational multicenter study to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of subclinical atheromatosis in a Spanish chronic kidney disease cohort: baseline data from the NEFRONA study","volume":"15","author":"Arroyo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000165623.72310.dd","article-title":"The cardiovascular continuum and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade","volume":"23","author":"Dzau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph1015","article-title":"The importance of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system","volume":"5","author":"Velez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.5.e1","article-title":"A\u00a0novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9","volume":"87","author":"Donoghue","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1432869100","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas","volume":"100","author":"Santos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30113","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505111200","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2)","volume":"280","author":"Lambert","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000244543.91937.79","article-title":"Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study","volume":"48","author":"Rice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.040352","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 catalytic activity in human plasma is masked by an endogenous inhibitor","volume":"93","author":"Lew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.02.088","article-title":"Detection of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in heart failure: insights into the endogenous counter-regulatory pathway of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"52","author":"Epelman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61695","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061695","article-title":"Role of circulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction: a prospective controlled study","volume":"8","author":"Ortiz-P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834f04b6","article-title":"Circulating ACE2 activity is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and vascular complications","volume":"30","author":"Soro-Paavonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c144","DOI":"10.1159\/000345508","article-title":"Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity in kidney transplantation: a longitudinal pilot study","volume":"121","author":"Soler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft038","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"28","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv025","article-title":"Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity in patients with chronic kidney disease without previous history of cardiovascular disease","volume":"30","author":"Anguiano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15886","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001253107","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates atherosclerotic lesions by targeting vascular cells","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0805-1","article-title":"ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) protect endothelial cell function and prevent early atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammatory response","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.164715","article-title":"Overexpression of ACE2 enhances plaque stability in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Dong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.221614","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency in whole body or bone marrow-derived cells increases atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-\/- mice","volume":"31","author":"Thatcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.219279","article-title":"Genetic Ace2 deficiency accentuates vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in the ApoE knockout mouse","volume":"107","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F534","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00082.2015","article-title":"Paricalcitol modulates ACE2 shedding and renal ADAM17 in NOD mice beyond proteinuria","volume":"310","author":"Riera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0033","article-title":"ACE and ACE2 activity in diabetic mice","volume":"55","author":"Wysocki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictors of subclinical atheromatosis progression over 2 years in patients with different stages of CKD","author":"Gracia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.048","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy is an independent factor associated to severe subclinical atheromatous disease","volume":"242","author":"Barrios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.048","article-title":"Association of serum phosphorus with subclinical atherosclerosis in chronic kidney disease. Sex makes a difference","volume":"241","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.01.014","article-title":"Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure: relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Epelman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Card. Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84683","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084683","article-title":"Effect of insulin on ACE2 activity and kidney function in the non-obese diabetic mouse","volume":"9","author":"Riera","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.04.007","article-title":"Angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation mediate the age-dependent cardiomyopathy in ACE2 null mice","volume":"75","author":"Oudit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5C6782.2005","article-title":"Immunolocalization of ACE2 and AT2 receptors in rabbit atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"54","author":"Zulli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2357","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and activity in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"215","author":"Sluimer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1377","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00331.2008","article-title":"Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 confers endothelial protection and attenuates atherosclerosis","volume":"295","author":"Lovren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002191501631293X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002191501631293X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T07:19:37Z","timestamp":1657178377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002191501631293X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S002191501631293X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Circulating angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity as a biomarker of silent atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.032","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}