{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:40:46Z","timestamp":1786984846544,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","atherosclerosis-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T00:48:41Z","timestamp":1484959721000},"page":"128-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence of hypertension and hypertension phenotypes by age and gender among schoolchildren in Greece: The Healthy Growth Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Karatzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanase D.","family":"Protogerou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Moschonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiana","family":"Tsirimiagou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odysseas","family":"Androutsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George P.","family":"Chrousos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Lionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannis","family":"Manios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.17.2107","article-title":"Trends in blood pressure among children and adolescents","volume":"291","author":"Muntner","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730366","article-title":"Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-013-0311-2","article-title":"Prevention of coronary artery disease: recent advances in the management of hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Recarti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(98)00014-4","article-title":"Influence of diurnal blood pressure variations on target organ abnormalities in adolescents with mild essential hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Belsha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.61","article-title":"Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with elevated blood pressure","volume":"111","author":"Sorof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1626-7","article-title":"Regression of target organ damage in children and adolescents with primary hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Litwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.475","article-title":"Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children","volume":"113","author":"Sorof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090544","article-title":"Hypertension in children: new trends and challenges","volume":"119","author":"Feber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000232","article-title":"Prevalence of high blood pressure in 122,053 adolescents: a systematic review and meta-regression","volume":"93","author":"de Moraes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Baltim."},{"issue":"2 Suppl 4th Report","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.2.S2.555","article-title":"The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents","volume":"114","author":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32832f4f6b","article-title":"Management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents: recommendations of the European society of hypertension","volume":"27","author":"Lurbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i5.253","article-title":"Pediatric hypertension: an update on a burning problem","volume":"6","author":"Bassareo","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00831","article-title":"Childhood blood pressure trends and risk factors for high blood pressure: the NHANES experience 1988-2008","volume":"62","author":"Rosner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e415","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1292","article-title":"Prehypertension and hypertension in community-based pediatric practice","volume":"131","author":"Lo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.167","article-title":"Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors: evaluation of 40,921 normal-weight, overweight or obese children and adolescents living in central Europe","volume":"39","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib16","first-page":"203","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure in adolescents from Rome, Italy. Nutritional risk factors and physical activity","volume":"19","author":"Cairella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Ig."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib17","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension in 13-year-old adolescents in Porto, Portugal","volume":"24","author":"Ramos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2010.542649","article-title":"An approach of hypertension prevalence in a sample of 5381 Portuguese children and adolescents. The AVELEIRA registry. \u201cHypertension in children\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Maldonado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib19","first-page":"142","article-title":"Pediatric hypertension in Sardinia: prevalence, regional distribution, risk factors","volume":"11","author":"Marras","year":"2010","journal-title":"G.\u00a0Ital. Cardiol. (Rome)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1159\/000111169","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and association of dietary mineral intake with blood pressure in healthy schoolchildren from northern Greece aged 7-15 years","volume":"51","author":"Papandreou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib21","first-page":"1150","article-title":"Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure in a rural population of northern Greece","volume":"9","author":"Mavrakanas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rural. Remote Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602442","article-title":"Relations between obesity and hypertension: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study in primary schoolchildren: the children study","volume":"60","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32835f7e2b","article-title":"Isolated systolic hypertension: \u2018to treat or not to treat\u2019 and the role of central haemodynamics","volume":"31","author":"Protogerou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.02.022","article-title":"Cutoff points of waist circumference and trunk and visceral fat for identifying children with elevated inflammation markers and adipokines: the healthy growth study","volume":"32","author":"Karatzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib25","series-title":"Growth at Adolescence","author":"Tanner","year":"1955"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0424-3","article-title":"Increased physical activity combined with more eating occasions is beneficial against dyslipidemias in children. the healthy growth study","volume":"52","author":"Moschonis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib27","first-page":"525","article-title":"National cholesterol education program: report of the expert panel on blood Cholesterol levels in children and adolescents","volume":"89","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.10.2.176","article-title":"Physical activity in 6-year-old children: validation of two proxy reports","volume":"10","author":"Manios","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr. Exerc Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib29","series-title":"Composition Tables\u00a0of Foods and Greek Dishes","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib30","series-title":"Composition Tables\u00a0of Foods and Greek Dishes","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2004"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624536","article-title":"Emergence of sex differences in prevalence of high systolic blood pressure: analysis of a longitudinal adolescent cohort","volume":"114","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.11.175","article-title":"Incidence of high blood pressure in children - effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviors: the IDEFICS study: high blood pressure, lifestyle and children","volume":"180","author":"de Moraes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu208","article-title":"Blood pressure percentiles in 22,051 German children and adolescents: the PEP family heart study","volume":"28","author":"Schwandt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02303-2","article-title":"Prevalence and consequence of systolic hypertension in children","volume":"15","author":"Sorof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670100586","article-title":"Systolic hypertension in children: benign or beware?","volume":"16","author":"Sorof","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282ef48b2","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension in schoolchildren based on repeated measurements and association with overweight","volume":"25","author":"Chiolero","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2008.158","article-title":"Home and office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. The Arsakeion school study","volume":"23","author":"Karatzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Hypertens."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134379","article-title":"Role of pulse pressure amplification in arterial hypertension: experts' opinion and review of the data","volume":"54","author":"Avolio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.060","article-title":"Associations of central and peripheral blood pressure with cardiac structure and function in an adolescent birth cohort: the avon longitudinal study of parents and children","volume":"65","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328331b7ff","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of isolated systolic hypertension among young adults: the 1999-2004 US national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"28","author":"Grebla","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2014.868629","article-title":"2013 ESH\/ESC practice guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Mancia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328301c411","article-title":"Diagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents based on home versus ambulatory blood pressure monitoring","volume":"26","author":"Stergiou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hypertens."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2015.99","article-title":"A\u00a0HEALth promotion and STRESS management program (HEAL-STRESS study) for prehypertensive and hypertensive patients: a quasi-experimental study in Greece","volume":"30","author":"Darviri","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Hypertens."}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915017300291?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021915017300291?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T16:58:04Z","timestamp":1568739484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021915017300291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0021915017300291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9150","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of hypertension and hypertension phenotypes by age and gender among schoolchildren in Greece: The Healthy Growth Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}