{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:38:02Z","timestamp":1786358282328,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsthoracicsurgery.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,22]],"date-time":"2005-07-22T12:00:03Z","timestamp":1122033603000},"page":"471-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Validation and Refinement of Mortality Risk Models for Heart Valve Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ruyun","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary L.","family":"Grunkemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.12.035","article-title":"Multivariable prediction of in-hospital mortality associated with aortic and mitral valve surgery in Northern New England","volume":"77","author":"Nowicki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib2","series-title":"Applied logistic regression","first-page":"1","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","article-title":"The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve","volume":"143","author":"Hanley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928008827941","article-title":"A goodness-of-fit test for the multiple regression model","volume":"A10","author":"Hosmer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Commun Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780110813","article-title":"The use of cusums and other techniques in modelling continuous covariates in logistic regression","volume":"11","author":"Royston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Multivariable prognostic models","volume":"15","author":"Harrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01022-6","article-title":"Challenges in comparing risk-adjusted bypass surgery mortality results","volume":"36","author":"Peterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19971215)16:23<2645::AID-SIM696>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Comparing risk-adjustment methods for provider profiling","volume":"16","author":"DeLong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(94)70434-1","article-title":"Do different investigators sometimes produce different multivariable equations from the same data?","volume":"107","author":"Naftel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X0102100106","article-title":"Prognostic modeling with logistic regression analysis","volume":"21","author":"Steyerberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.964","article-title":"The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Royston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib12","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Regression with missing X\u2019s","volume":"87","author":"Little","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01202-X","article-title":"Prediction of operative mortality after valve replacement surgery","volume":"37","author":"Edwards","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00175-7","article-title":"Risk stratification for cardiac valve replacement. National Cardiac Surgery Database","volume":"67","author":"Jamieson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Database Committee of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)01585-6","article-title":"Comparison of short-term mortality risk factors for valve replacement versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"77","author":"Gardner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00341-2","article-title":"Current determinants of operative mortality in 1400 patients requiring aortic valve replacement","volume":"76","author":"Florath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01670-2","article-title":"Mortality after aortic valve replacement","volume":"70","author":"Astor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01968-8","article-title":"Predictors of mortality for patients undergoing cardiac valve replacements in New York State","volume":"70","author":"Hannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34513-1","article-title":"Primary isolated aortic valve replacement. Early and late results","volume":"97","author":"Lytle","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl I","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib20","first-page":"I25","article-title":"Predictors of operative survival after valve replacement","volume":"78","author":"Christakis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)38789-6","article-title":"Determinants of operative mortality for patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Discriminant analysis of 1,479 operations","volume":"89","author":"Scott","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350023029","article-title":"A regional intervention to improve the hospital mortality associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group","volume":"275","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470060065028","article-title":"A regional prospective study of in-hospital mortality associated with coronary artery bypass grafting. The Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group","volume":"266","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00267-3","article-title":"Multivariate prediction of in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary interventions in 1994\u20131996. Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group","volume":"34","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib25","unstructured":"A regional intervention to improve in-hospital mortality associated with CABG surgery http:\/\/www.nnecdsg.org\/ Accessed February 14, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000229)19:4<453::AID-SIM350>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"What do we mean by validating a prognostic model?","volume":"19","author":"Altman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib27","first-page":"2098","article-title":"Ready-made, recalibrated, or remodeled?","volume":"99","author":"Ivanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Issues in the use of risk indexes for assessing mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(99)00106-2","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery","volume":"15","author":"Roques","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib29","first-page":"155","article-title":"Outcomes after aortic and mitral valve replacement surgery in Canada","volume":"20","author":"Hassan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00534-1","article-title":"Risk stratification for open heart operations","volume":"64","author":"Pinna-Pintor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00359-2","article-title":"Identification of preoperative variables needed for risk adjustment of short-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The Working Group Panel on the Cooperative CABG Database Project","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003497505003346?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003497505003346?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:34:12Z","timestamp":1757723652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003497505003346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003497505003346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4975","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Validation and Refinement of Mortality Risk Models for Heart Valve Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.02.066","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}