{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T18:15:47Z","timestamp":1758046547473,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsthoracicsurgery.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,19]],"date-time":"2006-02-19T07:15:17Z","timestamp":1140333317000},"page":"943-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Free Amino Acids in Hearts of Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: The Effects of Cyanosis, Age, and Pathology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Modi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.-Saadeh","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barnaby C.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ash","family":"Pawade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni D.","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(86)80004-9","article-title":"The effect of glutamate on hypoxic newborn rabbit heart","volume":"18","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(00)01713-6","article-title":"The role of cardioplegia induction temperature and amino acid enrichment in neonatal myocardial protection","volume":"70","author":"Kronon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36831-X","article-title":"Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. I. Enhanced tolerance of immature versus adult myocardium to global ischemia with reference to metabolic differences","volume":"100","author":"Julia","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36832-1","article-title":"Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. II. Evidence for importance of amino acid metabolism in tolerance to ischemia","volume":"100","author":"Julia","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.11.071","article-title":"Myocardial metabolic changes during pediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"128","author":"Modi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.11.1551","article-title":"Age-dependent and hypoxia-related differences in myocardial protection during pediatric open-heart surgery","volume":"103","author":"Imura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)36789-3","article-title":"Studies of myocardial protection in the immature heart. III. Models of ischemic and hypoxic\/ischemic injury in the immature puppy heart","volume":"101","author":"Julia","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60735-7","article-title":"Chronic hypoxemia depresses global ventricular function and predisposes to the depletion of high-energy phosphates during cardioplegic arrest","volume":"37","author":"Silverman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.05.010","article-title":"Basal metabolic state of hearts of patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"78","author":"Modi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0814","article-title":"Metabolic differences between hearts of patients with aortic valve disease and hearts of patients with ischaemic disease","volume":"30","author":"Suleiman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.122536","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary bypass-induced myocardial reoxygenation injury in cyanotic pediatric patients","volume":"124","author":"Modi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.37.5.527","article-title":"The metabolic significance of the malate-aspartate cycle in heart","volume":"37","author":"Safer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(84)80637-9","article-title":"Regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle pool size in heart muscle","volume":"16","author":"Peuhkurinen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(03)00182-2","article-title":"Glutamate loading protects freshly isolated and perfused adult cardiomyocytes against intracellular ROS generation","volume":"35","author":"King","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.43.5.808","article-title":"Metabolic responses to cardiac hypoxia","volume":"43","author":"Taegtmeyer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(88)90119-3","article-title":"An assessment of anaerobic metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion in isolated guinea pig heart","volume":"934","author":"Pisarenko","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-157-40082","article-title":"Release of tissue taurine from the oxygen-deficient perfused rat heart","volume":"157","author":"Crass","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)40153-0","article-title":"De novo alanine synthesis in isolated oxygen-deprived rabbit myocardium","volume":"252","author":"Taegtmeyer","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-003-0031-y","article-title":"Myocardial taurine, development and vulnerability to ischemia","volume":"26","author":"Modi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70231-9","article-title":"Effects of age and ischemic times on biochemical evidence of myocardial injury after pediatric cardiac operations","volume":"113","author":"Taggart","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib21","first-page":"H1956","article-title":"Taurine depletion, a novel mechanism for cardioprotection from regional ischemia","volume":"273","author":"Allo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib22","first-page":"111","article-title":"Metabolic changes during cardiac maturation","volume":"80","author":"Veerkamp","year":"1985","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1994.1089","article-title":"Specificity of leucine effect on protein degradation in perfused rat heart","volume":"26","author":"Chua","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)86898-9","article-title":"Effect of leucine and metabolites of branched chain amino acids on protein turnover in heart","volume":"254","author":"Chua","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib25","first-page":"E510","article-title":"A role for leucine in regulation of protein turnover in working rat hearts","volume":"239","author":"Chua","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2500835","article-title":"Acute regulation of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex by adrenaline and glucagon in the perfused rat heart","volume":"250","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.3.841S","article-title":"Regulation of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase expression in rat liver","volume":"131","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2900395","article-title":"Developmental pattern of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in rat liver and heart","volume":"290","author":"Zhao","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"year":"1991","series-title":"The developing myocardium","author":"Riva","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70284-8","article-title":"Myocardial protection in normal and hypoxically stressed neonatal hearts","volume":"113","author":"Bolling","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003497505015924?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003497505015924?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T00:36:07Z","timestamp":1757723767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003497505015924"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003497505015924"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4975"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-4975"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Free Amino Acids in Hearts of Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: The Effects of Cyanosis, Age, and Pathology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2005.08.071","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}