{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:48:57Z","timestamp":1787748537769,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsthoracicsurgery.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,16]],"date-time":"2016-01-16T17:01:57Z","timestamp":1452963717000},"page":"1605-1613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Heart Xenotransplantation: Historical Background, Experimental Progress, and Clinical Prospects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Raghav","family":"Murthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Bajona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay K.","family":"Bhama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.C.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.12454","article-title":"The role of xenotransplantation in cardiac transplantation","volume":"30","author":"De Salvatore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt483","article-title":"Discordant cardiac xenotransplantation: broadening the horizons","volume":"45","author":"Reichart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12522","article-title":"The case for xenotransplantation","volume":"29","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib4","first-page":"13","article-title":"Clinical xenotransplantation: past, present and future","volume":"79","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03060390034008","article-title":"Heart transplantation in man. Developmental studies and report of a case","volume":"188","author":"Hardy","year":"1964","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib6","series-title":"Histopathology of cardiac xenograft rejection","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5624.174","article-title":"Experimental development of cardiac transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Cooper","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib8","first-page":"1271","article-title":"The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town","volume":"41","author":"Barnard","year":"1967","journal-title":"S\u00a0Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib9","first-page":"303","article-title":"Left ventricular bypass","volume":"49","author":"Barnard","year":"1975","journal-title":"S\u00a0Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1022159","article-title":"Are there indications for heterotopic heart transplantation in 1986? A 2- to 11-year follow-up of 49 consecutive patients undergoing heterotopic heart transplantation","volume":"34","author":"Cooper","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib11","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Heterotopic cardiac transplantation with a xenograft for assistance of the left heart in cardiogenic shock after cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"52","author":"Barnard","year":"1977","journal-title":"S\u00a0Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360230053022","article-title":"Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate","volume":"254","author":"Bailey","year":"1985","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib13","first-page":"227","article-title":"Experience with human heart transplantation","author":"Ross","year":"1969"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(68)90175-6","article-title":"Human heart transplantation. Experience with twelve cases","volume":"22","author":"Cooley","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib15","unstructured":"Cooley DA. In: Experience with human heart transplantation. In: Shapiro H, ed. Butterworths, Durban: 1969: 203,\u00a0228."},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib16","first-page":"393","article-title":"The lack of hyperacute xenogeneic heart transplant rejection in a human","volume":"11","author":"Czaplicki","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib17","unstructured":"New India Express. February\u00a01999."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1933.01170020053003","article-title":"Transplantation of the intact mammalian heart","volume":"26","author":"Mann","year":"1933","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib19","first-page":"1171","article-title":"A mystery of Vladimir P. Demikhov: the 50th anniversary of the first intrathoracic transplantation","volume":"65","author":"Konstantinov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2010.00587.x","article-title":"First experience with heterotopic thoracic pig-to-baboon cardiac xenotransplantation","volume":"17","author":"Bauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(00)00224-2","article-title":"Report of the xenotransplantation advisory committee of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: the present status of xenotransplantation and its potential role in the treatment of end-stage cardiac and pulmonary diseases","volume":"19","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200204150-00024","article-title":"Incidence of hyperacute rejection in pig-to-primate transplantation using organs from hdaf-transgenic donors","volume":"73","author":"Schuurman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib23","first-page":"223","article-title":"Histopathology of hyperacute rejection of the heart: experimental and clinical observations in allografts and xenografts","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib24","first-page":"229","article-title":"Anti-gal, alpha-gal epitopes, and xenotransplantation","volume":"32","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.7.1730-1737.1988","article-title":"Interaction between human natural anti-alpha-galactosyl immunoglobulin g and bacteria of the human flora","volume":"56","author":"Galili","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2006.00324.x","article-title":"Abo-incompatible allotransplantation as a basis for clinical xenotransplantation","volume":"13","author":"Stussi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib27","series-title":"Xenograft 25","first-page":"259","article-title":"Plasmapheresis and splenectomy in experimental renal xenotransplantation","author":"Alexandre","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199611270-00001","article-title":"In vivo immunoadsorption of antipig antibodies in baboons using a specific gal(alpha)1-3gal column","volume":"62","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199408000-00014","article-title":"Evidence that intravenously administered alpha-galactosyl carbohydrates reduce baboon serum cytotoxicity to pig kidney cells (pk15) and transplanted pig hearts","volume":"58","author":"Ye","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199403270-00035","article-title":"The synergistic effect of combined antibody and complement depletion on discordant cardiac xenograft survival in nonhuman primates","volume":"57","author":"Leventhal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0995-964","article-title":"The generation of transgenic pigs as potential organ donors for humans","volume":"1","author":"Cozzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078942","article-title":"Production of alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs","volume":"299","author":"Phelps","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01053190","article-title":"Simultaneous expression by porcine aorta endothelial cells of glycosphingolipids bearing the major epitope for human xenoreactive antibodies (gal alpha 1-3gal), blood group h determinant and n-glycolylneuraminic acid","volume":"13","author":"Bouhours","year":"1996","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12124","article-title":"Cloning and expression of porcine beta1,4 n-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase encoding a new xenoreactive antigen","volume":"21","author":"Byrne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182472850","article-title":"Human CD55 expression blocks hyperacute rejection and restricts complement activation in gal knockout cardiac xenografts","volume":"93","author":"McGregor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200006150-00013","article-title":"High-dose porcine hematopoietic cell transplantation combined with CD40 ligand blockade in baboons prevents an induced antipig humoral response","volume":"69","author":"Buhler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1330","article-title":"Acute rejection is associated with antibodies to non-gal antigens in baboons using gal-knockout pig kidneys","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2005.04.017","article-title":"Cardiac xenotransplantation: Recent preclinical progress with 3-month\u00a0median survival","volume":"130","author":"McGregor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12562","article-title":"One-year heterotopic cardiac xenograft survival in a pig to baboon model","volume":"14","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.06.002","article-title":"Genetically engineered pigs and target-specific immunomodulation provide significant graft survival and hope for clinical cardiac xenotransplantation","volume":"148","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2012.00711.x","article-title":"Costimulation blockade in pig artery patch xenotransplantation\u2014 a simple model to monitor the adaptive immune response in nonhuman primates","volume":"19","author":"Ezzelarab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2009.00533.x","article-title":"Production and characterization of transgenic pigs expressing porcine CTLA4-Ig","volume":"16","author":"Phelps","year":"2009","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12107","article-title":"Human dominant-negative class II transactivator transgenic pigs\u2014effect on the human antipig T-cell immune response and immune status","volume":"140","author":"Hara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2011.00691.x","article-title":"The effect of gal expression on pig cells on the human T-cell xenoresponse","volume":"19","author":"Wilhite","year":"2012","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12209","article-title":"Transgenic expression of human CD46 reduces primate T cell responses to pig cells in\u00a0vitro","author":"Ezzelarab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1171","article-title":"Heart transplantation in baboons using alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs as donors: initial experience","volume":"11","author":"Kuwaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00353.x","article-title":"Suppression of natural and elicited antibodies in pig-to-baboon heart transplantation using a human anti-human cd154 mab-based regimen","volume":"4","author":"Kuwaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2004.00155.x","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy and graft arteriopathy in pig hearts following transplantation into baboons","volume":"11","author":"Houser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200011150-00010","article-title":"Coagulation and thrombotic disorders associated with pig organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation in nonhuman primates","volume":"70","author":"Buhler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03147.x","article-title":"Recipient tissue factor expression is associated with consumptive coagulopathy in pig-to-primate kidney xenotransplantation","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3283446c65","article-title":"Controlling coagulation dysregulation in xenotransplantation","volume":"16","author":"Cowan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2009.00555.x","article-title":"Potential value of human thrombomodulin and daf expression for coagulation control in pig-to-human xenotransplantation","volume":"17","author":"Miwa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00792.x","article-title":"Warfarin or low-molecular-weight heparin therapy does not prolong pig-to-primate cardiac xenograft function","volume":"5","author":"Byrne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000251387.40499.0f","article-title":"Increased immunosuppression, not anticoagulation, extends cardiac xenograft survival","volume":"82","author":"Byrne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04323.x","article-title":"Innate immunity and coagulation","volume":"9","author":"Esmon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12133","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in xenograft recipients precedes activation of coagulation","volume":"22","author":"Ezzelarab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2011.00674.x","article-title":"Transgenic expression of human heme oxygenase-1 in pigs confers resistance against xenograft rejection during ex\u00a0vivo perfusion of porcine kidneys","volume":"18","author":"Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2009.00556.x","article-title":"Transgenic expression of the human A20 gene in cloned pigs provides protection against apoptotic and inflammatory stimuli","volume":"16","author":"Oropeza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199809150-00001","article-title":"Discordant organ xenotransplantation in primates: world experience and current status","volume":"66","author":"Lambrigts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12127","article-title":"Progress in pig-to-nonhuman primate transplantation models (1998-2013): a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2006.00346.x","article-title":"Selected physiologic compatibilities and incompatibilities between human and porcine organ systems","volume":"13","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2000.00047.x","article-title":"An approach to the control of disease transmission in pig-to-human xenotransplantation","volume":"7","author":"Onions","year":"2000","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05011-11","article-title":"Infection barriers to successful xenotransplantation focusing on porcine endogenous retroviruses","volume":"25","author":"Denner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12019","article-title":"Double knockout pigs deficient in N-glycolylneuraminic acid and galactose alpha-1,3-galactose reduce the humoral barrier to xenotransplantation","volume":"20","author":"Lutz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000105116.74032.63","article-title":"Alloantibody and xenoantibody cross-reactivity in transplantation","volume":"77","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2006.00319.x","article-title":"Allosensitized humans are at no greater risk of humoral rejection of gt-ko pig organs than other humans","volume":"13","author":"Hara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3089.2004.00075.x","article-title":"Absence of humoral and cellular alloreactivity in baboons sensitized to pig antigens","volume":"11","author":"Baertschiger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2014.04.010","article-title":"Sixth INTERMACS annual report: a 10,000-patient database","volume":"33","author":"Kirklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000132","article-title":"Results with syncardia total artificial heart beyond 1 year","volume":"60","author":"Torregrossa","year":"2014","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1940","article-title":"Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of talens","volume":"29","author":"Tesson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258096","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1258096","article-title":"Genome editing. The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-cas9","volume":"346","author":"Doudna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000349751501677X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000349751501677X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T03:28:16Z","timestamp":1757734096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000349751501677X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S000349751501677X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4975","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heart Xenotransplantation: Historical Background, Experimental Progress, and Clinical Prospects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2015.10.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}