{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:42:01Z","timestamp":1793378521927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsthoracicsurgery.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,24]],"date-time":"2017-11-24T11:16:05Z","timestamp":1511522165000},"page":"321-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Pericardial Blood as a Trigger for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"St-Onge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis P.","family":"Perrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Marc","family":"Gillinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Melby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.03.039","article-title":"Postoperative atrial fibrillation significantly increases mortality, hospital readmission, and hospital costs","volume":"98","author":"LaPar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602002","article-title":"Rate control versus rhythm control for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"374","author":"Gillinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.14.1720","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter risk index for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"291","author":"Mathew","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22230","article-title":"Management of postoperative atrial fibrillation and subsequent outcomes in contemporary patients undergoing cardiac surgery: insights from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons CAPS-Care Atrial Fibrillation Registry","volume":"37","author":"Steinberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.03.009","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: incidence, risk factors, and economic burden","volume":"24","author":"Rostagno","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.7.749","article-title":"Pharmacologic prophylaxis of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: beyond beta-blockers","volume":"30","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637482","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/637482","article-title":"Management strategies in cardiac surgery for postoperative atrial fibrillation: contemporary prophylaxis and futuristic anticoagulant possibilities","volume":"2013","author":"Tokmaji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H594","article-title":"Post-cardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation: a review of preventive strategies","volume":"41","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-13-5","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on magnesium in addition to beta-blocker for prevention of postoperative atrial arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.06.066","article-title":"Potassium and magnesium supplementation do not protect against atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a time-matched analysis","volume":"102","author":"Lancaster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.04.126","article-title":"Oxidative stress and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a case-control study","volume":"84","author":"Ramlawi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2007.00970.x","article-title":"Prednisone prevents inducible atrial flutter in the canine sterile pericarditis model","volume":"19","author":"Goldstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.06.009","article-title":"Inflammation, oxidative stress and postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery","volume":"154","author":"Zakkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.05.038","article-title":"Increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the atrial myocardium of patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507750","article-title":"Perioperative rosuvastatin in cardiac surgery","volume":"374","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib16","first-page":"CD005566","article-title":"Prophylactic corticosteroids for cardiopulmonary bypass in adults","volume":"11","author":"Dieleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.848218","article-title":"Benefits and risks of corticosteroid prophylaxis in adult cardiac surgery: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.03.011","article-title":"The persistent problem of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation: a single-institution experience over two decades","volume":"141","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2010.243782","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation postcardiac surgery: a common but a morbid complication","volume":"12","author":"Attaran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613979","article-title":"Tissue factor is rapidly elevated in plasma collected from the pericardial cavity during cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"84","author":"Philippou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1080\/14017430310001465","article-title":"The inflammatory response to recycled pericardial suction blood and the influence of cell-saving","volume":"37","author":"Svenmarker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.144","article-title":"Hemoglobin-associated oxidative stress in the pericardial compartment of postoperative cardiac surgery patients","volume":"95","author":"Kramer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)90871-E","article-title":"A\u00a0perspective of postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac operations","volume":"56","author":"Cox","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur208","article-title":"Post-operative atrial fibrillation: a maze of mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Maesen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2_suppl.9S","article-title":"Epidemiology, mechanisms, and risks: American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the prevention and management of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"128","author":"Hogue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2005.2004123.x","article-title":"Risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"20","author":"Auer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553743","article-title":"Obesity and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"112","author":"Zacharias","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34781-6","article-title":"The effect of augmented atrial hypothermia on atrial refractory period, conduction, and atrial flutter\/fibrillation in the canine heart","volume":"104","author":"Sato","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.475194","article-title":"Inflammation of atrium after cardiac surgery is associated with inhomogeneity of atrial conduction and atrial fibrillation","volume":"111","author":"Ishii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.12.051","article-title":"Postoperative atrial fibrillation: the role of the inflammatory response","volume":"153","author":"Ishii","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.07.029","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation after surgical revascularization: is there any difference between on-pump and off-pump?","volume":"26","author":"Enc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.09.009","article-title":"Incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing minimally invasive versus median sternotomy valve surgery","volume":"146","author":"Mihos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.046","article-title":"New-onset atrial fibrillation after aortic valve replacement: comparison of transfemoral, transapical, transaortic, and surgical approaches","volume":"63","author":"Tanawuttiwat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.12.019","article-title":"Pericardial invasion: lessons learned from surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"63","author":"Cuculich","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.05.045","article-title":"Red cell transfusion is associated with an increased risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"82","author":"Koch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217920.48559.D8","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality risk associated with red blood cell and blood-component transfusion in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"34","author":"Koch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.04.019","article-title":"Oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation: an emerging role of NADPH oxidase","volume":"62","author":"Youn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001886","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001886","article-title":"Oxidative stress biomarkers and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) trial","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00481-2","article-title":"Phagocytes and oxidative stress","volume":"109","author":"Babior","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e328317f38a","article-title":"Tracing the origins of postoperative atrial fibrillation: the concept of oxidative stress-mediated myocardial injury phenomenon","volume":"15","author":"Elahi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1161\/hh1801.097644","article-title":"Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"89","author":"Carnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut012","article-title":"Role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in a sheep model of persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"15","author":"Lenaerts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.07.031","article-title":"Continuous postoperative pericardial flushing: a pilot study on safety, feasibility, and effect on blood loss","volume":"2","author":"Manshanden","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0000000000000200","article-title":"Retained blood syndrome after cardiac surgery: a new look at an old problem","volume":"10","author":"Boyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Innovations (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt140","article-title":"Incidence of chest tube clogging after cardiac surgery: a single-center prospective observational study","volume":"44","author":"Karimov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.03.086","article-title":"Impact of retained blood requiring reintervention on outcomes after cardiac surgery","volume":"152","author":"Balzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03413.x","article-title":"Critical roles for thrombin in acute and chronic inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00146","article-title":"Novel aspects of fibrin(ogen) fragments during inflammation","volume":"17","author":"Jennewein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.3.1053","article-title":"Roles for thrombin and fibrin(ogen) in cytokine\/chemokine production and macrophage adhesion in\u00a0vivo","volume":"99","author":"Szaba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(96)00836-3","article-title":"Endothelial cell injury in cardiovascular surgery: the procoagulant response","volume":"62","author":"Boyle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a013433","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a013433","article-title":"Cell-free hemoglobin and its scavenger proteins: new disease models leading the way to targeted therapies","volume":"3","author":"Schaer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1036","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00164.2003","article-title":"Methemoglobin is a potent activator of endothelial cells by stimulating IL-6 and IL-8 production and E-selectin membrane expression","volume":"285","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(89)90056-4","article-title":"Interleukin 6 primes human neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst response","volume":"21","author":"Kharazmi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.085","article-title":"Association of atrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity with the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.01.014","article-title":"Postoperative atrial fibrillation is not pulmonary vein dependent: results from a randomized trial","volume":"12","author":"Kiaii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0637","article-title":"Peri-atrial epicardial adipose tissue is associated with new-onset nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"76","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.02.005","article-title":"Relation of proinflammatory activity of epicardial adipose tissue to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation","volume":"113","author":"Mazurek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib58","first-page":"285","article-title":"Computed tomography angiography for prediction of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: proof of concept","volume":"65","author":"Opolski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu220","article-title":"Pericardial fat and postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"47","author":"Chhabra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.07.029","article-title":"Pathophysiologic basis of autonomic ganglionated plexus ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"6","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12740","article-title":"Does anterior fat pad removal reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation after CABG? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.062","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection in epicardial fat pads can prevent recurrences of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: results of a randomized pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Pokushalov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.06.061","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of epicardial application of drug-releasing hydrogels to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.225.103","article-title":"Posterior pericardiotomy reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation, pericardial effusion, and length of stay in hospital after coronary artery bypasses surgery","volume":"225","author":"Kaygin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.07.012","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized trials on the efficacy of posterior pericardiotomy in preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"139","author":"Biancari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivr099","article-title":"Does posterior pericardiotomy reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery?","volume":"14","author":"Kaleda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.11.057","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing safety and efficacy of posterior pericardial drainage in patients undergoing heart surgery","volume":"153","author":"Gozdek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2014.04.255","article-title":"A\u00a0new use of Fogarty catheter: chest tube clearance","volume":"23","author":"Boyacioglu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2008.185413","article-title":"Is manipulation of mediastinal chest drains useful or harmful after cardiac surgery?","volume":"7","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2007.16.6.609","article-title":"To strip or not to strip? Physiological effects of chest tube manipulation","volume":"16","author":"Halm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0b013e3181cf7ce3","article-title":"The active tube clearance system: a novel bedside chest-tube clearance device","volume":"5","author":"Shalli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Innovations (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.10.018","article-title":"Superior chest drainage with an active tube clearance system: evaluation of a downsized chest tube","volume":"91","author":"Arakawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0b013e31827e2b4d","article-title":"The PleuraFlow active chest tube clearance system: initial clinical experience in adult cardiac surgery","volume":"7","author":"Perrault","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innovations (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.10.015","article-title":"Active clearance of chest drainage catheters reduces retained blood","volume":"151","author":"Sirch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2017.03.046","article-title":"Examining the impact of active clearance of chest drainage catheters on postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"154","author":"St-Onge","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.5.1559","article-title":"The importance of intrapericardial drain selection in cardiac surgery","volume":"126","author":"Ege","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8191.2005.00138.x","article-title":"Efficacy of Blake drains for mediastinal and pleural drainage following cardiac operations","volume":"20","author":"Sakopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt123","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of early versus delayed mediastinal drain removal after cardiac surgery using silastic and conventional tubes","volume":"17","author":"Moss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023956","article-title":"Point-of-care hemostatic testing in cardiac surgery: a stepped-wedge clustered randomized controlled trial","volume":"134","author":"Karkouti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["The Annals of Thoracic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003497517310950?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0003497517310950?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T03:49:35Z","timestamp":1757735375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0003497517310950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0003497517310950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-4975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-4975","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pericardial Blood as a Trigger for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Annals of Thoracic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.07.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Published by Elsevier","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}