{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:59:30Z","timestamp":1778047170699,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Atherosclerosis Plus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:19:10Z","timestamp":1751429950000},"page":"23-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Ethiopian HIV patients on first-line versus second-line combined antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4222-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balew","family":"Arega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gashaw","family":"Solela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariku","family":"Fekadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tirhas","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bekele","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanuel","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidat","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416632428","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of non-AIDS causes of death among HIV-Infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Farahani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.033369","article-title":"Global burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib3","series-title":"AHA statement on HIV and cardiovascular disease: clinical strategies and future challenges","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.14.04078","article-title":"Higher cardiovascular disease risks in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-019-0497-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk in an urban African population: a cross-sectional analysis on the role of HIV and antiretroviral treatment","volume":"16","author":"Vos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7266","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137266","article-title":"Inflammatory and immune mechanisms for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in HIV","volume":"25","author":"Hmiel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000702","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of contemporary antiretroviral therapy","volume":"16","author":"Vos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2022.12.013","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and risk assessment in people living with HIV: current practices and novel perspectives","volume":"71","author":"Fragkou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030720","article-title":"Causes of HIV treatment interruption during the last 20 years: a multi-cohort real-life study","volume":"15","author":"De Vito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_40_19","article-title":"Determinants contributing to poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a hospital record-based study in balasore, Odisha","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4940-1","article-title":"The association between HIV and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Hyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062360","article-title":"SMART) S. CD4+ count\u2013guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment","volume":"355","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000681","article-title":"Mechanisms and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV","volume":"16","author":"Durstenfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-013-0168-6","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Triant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr HIV AIDS Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30036-9","article-title":"HIV and cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"So-Armah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462420972855","article-title":"Assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks between people living with HIV receiving first-line and second-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting","volume":"32","author":"Tiarukkitsagul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02868-3","article-title":"Progress in health among regions of Ethiopia, 1990\u20132019: a subnational country analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"399","author":"Misganaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01828-z","article-title":"The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of institutional and community-based studies","volume":"21","author":"Angaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib19","series-title":"HIV related estimates and projections in Ethiopia for the year 2022-2023","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meta-analysis of first-line antiretroviral treatment failure in adult HIV patients in Ethiopia following implementation of the \u2018universal test and treat strategy","volume":"V14","author":"Feleke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Clin Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijso.2020.08.001","article-title":"Antiretroviral treatment failure among HIV-Positive adults taking first-line therapy and associated risk factors at adigrat general hospital, adigart, Ethiopia 2019: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Demsie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Surg Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260109","article-title":"Predicting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults living with HIV\/AIDS in addis ababa, Ethiopia: a hospital-based study","volume":"16","author":"Woldu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib23","first-page":"E1082","article-title":"Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on practice guidelines","volume":"129","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib25","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk prediction by the American college of cardiology (ACC)\/american heart association (AHA) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score among HIV-Infected patients in Sub-Saharan Africa","author":"Mosepele","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304146","article-title":"Pitavastatin to prevent cardiovascular disease in HIV infection","volume":"389","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib27","series-title":"Ethiopia national guidelines for comprehensive HIV prevention, care, and treatment: pocket guide","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.03.006","article-title":"Estimated risk of cardiovascular disease among HIV-Positive patients aged 40 years or older in Taiwan","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2022034","article-title":"Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors among HIV-infected patients aged 50 years and older in Cameroon","author":"Pambou","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib30","article-title":"Assessment of cardiovascular disease risks using FRS in HIV-positive and HIV-negative older adults in South Africa","volume":"22","author":"Nyirenda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib31","first-page":"479","article-title":"The association between alcohol use and cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Kelso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300215","article-title":"Etal. Interruption of antiretroviral therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with HIV-1 infection: exploratory analyses from the SMART trial","volume":"13","author":"Phillips","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.019","article-title":"Suboptimal HIV suppression is associated with progression of coronary artery stenosis: the Multicenter AIDS cohort study (MACS) longitudinal coronary CT angiography study","volume":"353","author":"Post","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib34","article-title":"Global, regional, and countrylevel 90\u201390\u201390 estimates for 2018: assessing progress towards the 2020 target","volume":"33","author":"Marsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.034","article-title":"The impact of long-term moderate and heavy alcohol consumption on incident atherosclerosis among persons living with HIV","volume":"181","author":"Kelso-Chichetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.034","article-title":"The impact of long-term moderate and heavy alcohol consumption on incident atherosclerosis among persons living with HIV","volume":"181","author":"Kelso-Chichetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315629","article-title":"Marital status, telomere length, and cardiovascular disease risk in a Swedish prospective cohort","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-313005","article-title":"Marital status and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3008","article-title":"Marital stress worsens prognosis in women with coronary heart disease: the Stockholm female coronary risk study","volume":"284","author":"Orth-Gom\u00e9r","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-014-1079-2","article-title":"Long-term prognostic significance of living alone and other risk factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"184","author":"Vujcic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.4.601","article-title":"Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry","volume":"130","author":"Segerstrom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"}],"container-title":["Atherosclerosis Plus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667089525000161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667089525000161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T10:02:06Z","timestamp":1758621726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667089525000161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2667089525000161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-0895"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-0895","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Ethiopian HIV patients on first-line versus second-line combined antiretroviral therapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Atherosclerosis Plus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.athplu.2025.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}