{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:47:13Z","timestamp":1792756033838,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]],"date-time":"2024-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["australiancriticalcare.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T03:35:13Z","timestamp":1719977713000},"page":"101076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nurses\u2019 perceptions of patient pain, delirium, and sedation assessments in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5447-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"Correya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Rawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8808-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherene","family":"Ockerby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5065-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison M.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.06.019","article-title":"Implementation of a protocol for integrated management of pain, agitation, and delirium can improve clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Mansouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000239","article-title":"Pain, agitation, and delirium guidelines: interprofessional perspectives to translate the evidence","volume":"36","author":"Jablonski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12688","article-title":"Behavioral Pain Scale - translation, reliability, and validity in a Swedish context","volume":"60","author":"Hyl\u00e9n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/JTN.0000000000000342","article-title":"Pain assessment in mechanically ventilated, noncommunicative severe trauma patients","volume":"25","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib5","series-title":"Diagnostic and statitical manual","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20160074","article-title":"Risk factors for agitation in critically ill patients","volume":"28","author":"Almeida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12801","article-title":"Long-term consequences of pain, anxiety and agitation for critically ill older patients after an intensive care unit stay","volume":"24","author":"Jeitziner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182783b72","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"41","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.03.021","article-title":"Patients' experience of being in intensive care units","volume":"30","author":"Alasad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S398606","article-title":"Improving nurses knowledge and practices of delirium assessment at mbarara regional referral hospital: a quasi experimental study","volume":"14","author":"Baluku Murungi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710572","article-title":"Prevention and management of delirium in the intensive care unit","volume":"42","author":"Mart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0803600423","article-title":"Sedation and delirium in the intensive care unit: an Australian and New Zealand perspective","volume":"36","author":"Shehabi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib15","first-page":"684","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit","author":"Barr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Hosp Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31828e96c0","article-title":"Evaluating pain, sedation, and delirium in the neurologically critically ill-feasibility and reliability of standardized tools: a multi-institutional study","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.2017.0010","article-title":"Methods of pain assessment in adult intensive care unit patients - polish version of the CPOT (critical care pain observation tool) and BPS (behavioral pain scale)","volume":"49","author":"Kotfis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200112000-00004","article-title":"Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale","volume":"29","author":"Payen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2008.17.6.555","article-title":"Assessment of delirium in the intensive care unit: nursing practices and perceptions","volume":"17","author":"Devlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib20","series-title":"Delirium diagnostic tools","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.21.2703","article-title":"Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)","volume":"286","author":"Ely","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3777-2","article-title":"Multinational development and validation of an early prediction model for delirium in ICU patients","volume":"41","author":"Wassenaar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.22.2983","article-title":"Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)","volume":"289","author":"Ely","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107138","article-title":"The Richmond Agitation\u2013Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients","volume":"166","author":"Sessler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0b013e3182a10dbf","article-title":"Pain, agitation, delirium, and neuromuscular blockade: a review of basic pharmacology, assessment, and monitoring","volume":"36","author":"Altshuler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical care nursing quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.2136","article-title":"Management of pain, agitation, and delirium in critically ill patients","volume":"124","author":"Pandharipande","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib27","first-page":"S72","article-title":"National survey of critical care nurses' pain assessment and management practices","volume":"37","author":"Rose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2012611","article-title":"Critical care nurses' pain assessment and management practices: a survey in Canada","volume":"21","author":"Rose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-018-0281-3","article-title":"Challenges faced by nurses in using pain assessment scale in patients unable to communicate: a qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"Deldar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03789.x","article-title":"Challenges faced by nurses in managing pain in a critical care setting","volume":"21","author":"Subramanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.01.003","article-title":"Intensive care nurses' experiences and perceptions of delirium and delirium care","volume":"40","author":"Zamoscik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14525","article-title":"Educational intervention on delirium assessment using confusion assessment method-ICU (CAM-ICU) in a general intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Ramoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2018851","article-title":"Educational intervention to improve delirium recognition by nurses","volume":"27","author":"Blevins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2018.04.005","article-title":"Use of the CAM-ICU during daily sedation stops in mechanically ventilated patients as assessed and experienced by intensive care nurses \u2013 a mixed-methods study","volume":"47","author":"Steinseth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irz040","article-title":"Nursing understanding and perceptions of delirium: assessing current knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in a burn ICU","volume":"40","author":"Powell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12299","article-title":"Survey among critical care nurses and physicians about delirium management","volume":"23","author":"Nydahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib37","first-page":"e8028","article-title":"Perceptions, attitudes, and current practices regards delirium in China: a survey of 917 critical care nurses and physicians in China","volume":"96","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2016535","article-title":"Intensive care unit nurses' beliefs about delirium assessment and management","volume":"27","author":"Oosterhouse","year":"2016","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib39","article-title":"Impact of pain, agitation, and delirium bundle on delirium and cognitive function","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib40","series-title":"Nursing and midwifery research : methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice: chatswood, N.S.W.","author":"Schneider","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ)","volume":"19","author":"Tony","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib42","series-title":"Qualitative inquiry & research design : choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib43","series-title":"Research methods in health : foundations for evidence-based practice","author":"Liamputtong","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2013.03.20.4.12.e326","article-title":"Rigour in qualitative case-study research","volume":"20","author":"Houghton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurse Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib47","series-title":"National statement on ethical Conduct in human research","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.7748\/nr2013.03.20.4.12.e326","article-title":"Rigour in qualitative case-study research","volume":"20","author":"Houghton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurse Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2018-000413","article-title":"Pain, agitation and delirium assessment and management in a community medical-surgical ICU: results from a prospective observational study and nurse survey","volume":"7","author":"Maximous","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ open quality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-018-0281-3","article-title":"Challenges faced by nurses in using pain assessment scale in patients unable to communicate: a qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"Deldar","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773812447187","article-title":"The experience of delirium care and clinical feasibility of the CAM-ICU in a Korean ICU","volume":"22","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2012.01.005","article-title":"A\u00a0questionnaire survey of critical care nurses' attitudes to delirium assessment before and after introduction of the CAM-ICU","volume":"25","author":"Eastwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2015.05.001","article-title":"Intensive care nurses' opinions and current practice in relation to delirium in the intensive care setting","volume":"31","author":"Glynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2017.26.7.412","article-title":"Critical care nurses' knowledge and practice of delirium assessment","volume":"26","author":"Rowley-Conwy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13517","article-title":"Delirium the under-recognised syndrome: survey of healthcare professionals' awareness and practice in the intensive care units","volume":"26","author":"Selim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"}],"container-title":["Australian Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1036731424001127?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1036731424001127?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T11:35:21Z","timestamp":1736595321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1036731424001127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1036731424001127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1036-7314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1036-7314","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nurses\u2019 perceptions of patient pain, delirium, and sedation assessments in the intensive care unit: A qualitative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Australian Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aucc.2024.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101076"}}