{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:41:08Z","timestamp":1792395668713,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001791","name":"Griffith University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014673","name":"Griffith University Griffith Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["australiancriticalcare.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australian Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:09:42Z","timestamp":1792141782000},"page":"101705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient and family engagement in patient safety in resource-limited intensive care units: A qualitative exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gelana","family":"Fekadu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Tobiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abera Kenay","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea P.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2024-002988","article-title":"Broadening the definition of patient-safety events: lessons from a multicentre learning health system collaborative","volume":"14","author":"Huddleston","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open Quality"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322215","article-title":"Psychological safety and patient safety: a systematic and narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Montgomery","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib3","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and nature of preventable patient harm across medical care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"366","author":"Panagioti","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib4","article-title":"Global burden and trends of adverse effects of medical treatment, 1990\u20132021: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.07.012","article-title":"Safety incidents in airway and mechanical ventilation in Spanish ICUs: the IVeMVA study","volume":"47","author":"Alonso-Ovies","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001238","article-title":"Adverse events among hospitalized critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"58","author":"Sauro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154510","article-title":"Adverse events leading to intensive care unit admission in a low-and-middle-income-country: a prospective cohort study and a systematic review","volume":"80","author":"de Moura Pedro","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005799","article-title":"Intensive care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a national review of the service status in Ethiopia","volume":"134","author":"Kifle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20420986261422800","article-title":"The magnitude of drug-related problems, typology, and predictors among patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit: impact of pharmacist-led interventions in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Kassaw","year":"2026","journal-title":"Therapeut Adv Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Magnitude of medication administration error and associated factors in adult intensive care units of public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019","volume":"8","author":"Tassew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pan African Med J One Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib11","article-title":"Health care-associated infections and associated factors among adult patients admitted to intensive care units of selected public hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"18","author":"Genaneh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Africa Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2025.155309","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of adverse events during intra-hospital transport of critically ill patients in a tertiary ICU in Ethiopia: a prospective observational study","volume":"91","author":"Ayalew","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265102","article-title":"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections in adult intensive care units at a selected tertiary hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Bizuayehu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05625-6","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals","volume":"15","author":"Engidaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib15","article-title":"Predictors of ICU mortality among mechanically ventilated patients: an inception cohort study from a tertiary care Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"2022","author":"Debebe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Care Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib16","series-title":"Families in the intensive care unit: a guide to understanding, engaging, and supporting at the bedside","first-page":"65","article-title":"Family role in patient safety in the intensive care unit","author":"Bowman","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/DCC.0000000000000720","article-title":"Family engagement during Patient- and family-centered interdisciplinary rounds in the adult intensive care unit: a qualitative exploratory Study","volume":"44","author":"Cypress","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000714","article-title":"Implementing patient and family involvement interventions for promoting patient safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Giap","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Patient Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2025.101267","article-title":"Engagement with patients and families about managing medications in critical care units: a mixed methods systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Manias","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib20","article-title":"How can family members of patients in the intensive care unit be supported? A systematic review of qualitative reviews, meta-synthesis, and novel recommendations for nursing care","volume":"7","author":"Gunnlaugsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201410-1936LE","article-title":"Defining patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit","volume":"191","author":"Brown","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244073","article-title":"A phenomenological study on the lived experiences of families of ICU patients, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Kehali","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-015880","article-title":"Disclosing medical errors: prioritising the needs of patients and families","volume":"32","author":"Gallagher","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100907","article-title":"Patient and family engagement in patient safety efforts in low-resource settings: a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Ravaghi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13343","article-title":"Do patient engagement interventions work for all patients? A systematic review and realist synthesis of interventions to enhance patient safety","volume":"24","author":"Newman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.33940\/001c.156234","article-title":"Patient and family-initiated safety event reporting: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Quon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Patient Safety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2022.05.008","article-title":"Patient-centered and family-centered care in the intensive care unit","volume":"43","author":"Secunda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/25160435241305232","article-title":"Japanese patients' preferences regarding disclosure of patient safety incidents: a survey study","volume":"30","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Patient Safety Risk Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12388-3","article-title":"What can we learn from patient and family experiences of open disclosure and how they have been evaluated? A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Rathnayake","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.17022","article-title":"Patient and family engagement interventions for hospitalized patient safety: a scoping review","volume":"33","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15175","article-title":"Family INvolvement in inTensive care: a qualitative exploration of critically ill patients, their families and critical care nurses (INpuT study)","volume":"29","author":"Kydonaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12824","article-title":"Factors influencing critical care nurses' family engagement practices: an international perspective","volume":"28","author":"Price","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042556","article-title":"Interventions to promote family member involvement in adult critical care settings: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Xyrichis","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S453246","article-title":"Family satisfaction with care provided in intensive care unit; a multi-center, cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Liyew","year":"2024","journal-title":"Patient Relat Outcome Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2025.104325","article-title":"\u201cUnsafe and unspoken\u201d- exploring barriers to patient safety and incident reporting in resource-limited intensive care units: a qualitative study","volume":"94","author":"Fekadu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.35680\/2372-0247.1909","article-title":"Patient safety culture among healthcare settings in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Gebeyehu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Patient Experience J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12675","article-title":"Family members' experiences in adult intensive care units: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Imanipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.2739","article-title":"Pragmatism in professional practice","volume":"38","author":"Ormerod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Res Behav Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib39","article-title":"Defining exploratory-descriptive qualitative (EDQ) research and considering its application to healthcare","volume":"4","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nurs Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20362","article-title":"What's in a name? Qualitative description revisited","volume":"33","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib41","series-title":"Exploratory research in the social sciences","author":"Stebbins","year":"2012"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022788","article-title":"Patient safety issues and concerns in Bhutan's healthcare system: a qualitative exploratory descriptive study","volume":"8","author":"Pelzang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2017.09.008","article-title":"Medical device-related pressure injuries: an exploratory descriptive study in an acute tertiary hospital in Australia","volume":"26","author":"Barakat-Johnson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Tissue Viability"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib45","first-page":"239","article-title":"Population norms for the mini-mental state examination in Ethiopia","volume":"49","author":"Gugssa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3928\/0098-9134-19990501-08","article-title":"The mini-mental state examination (MMSE)","volume":"25","author":"Kurlowicz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11198-3","article-title":"Patient and family engagement in patient safety in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Abdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/25160435241255155","article-title":"Patient and family engagement in patient safety practices: a making Healthcare safer rapid response review","volume":"29","author":"Dukhanin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Patient Safety Risk Manage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326320","article-title":"Patient safety culture in resource-limited healthcare settings: a multicentre survey","volume":"20","author":"Fekadu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12762-1","article-title":"Factors influencing patient safety incident reporting in African healthcare organisations: a systematic integrative review","volume":"25","author":"Fekadu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-21-00752.1","article-title":"Beyond the guise of saturation: Rigor and qualitative interview data","volume":"13","author":"LaDonna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exercise Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000196","article-title":"Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis","volume":"9","author":"Braun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-4","article-title":"Between and within-site variation in qualitative implementation research","volume":"8","author":"Benzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Implement Sci: IS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib56","series-title":"Naturalistic inquiry","author":"Lincoln","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib57","volume":"SV-07","author":"Wallendorf","year":"1989"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-03417-x","article-title":"Cultural and systematic barriers to communication between nurses and family members in the ICU","volume":"24","author":"Saifan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.08.008","article-title":"A qualitative study of factors that influence active family involvement with patient care in the ICU: survey of critical care nurses","volume":"44","author":"Hetland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep15070260","article-title":"Patient and family-centered care to promote inpatient safety: an exploration of nursing care and management processes","volume":"15","author":"Correia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13517","article-title":"Best practices toolkit for family participation in ICU rounds","volume":"27","author":"Au","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-015956","article-title":"The barriers and facilitators family caregivers experience when participating in resource-limited hospital care: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Determeijer","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.13188","article-title":"Health care providers' perceptions of family participation in essential care in the intensive care unit: a qualitative study","volume":"30","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nurs Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2413","article-title":"Global critical care: moving forward in resource-limited settings","volume":"85","author":"Diaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2017-007525","article-title":"Speaking up about care concerns in the ICU: patient and family experiences, attitudes and perceived barriers","volume":"27","author":"Bell","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289099","article-title":"Urban-rural inequalities and spatial arrangement of informed choice of family planning in Ethiopia: further analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey","volume":"18","author":"Tareke","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116949","article-title":"Intensive care unit capacity in low-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Murthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05244-z","article-title":"Understanding and addressing a \u2018difficult\u2019 family in ICU","volume":"29","author":"Metaxa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17584","article-title":"Can you hear me? Analysis of a Queensland patient-initiated escalation process and the importance of communication in surgical care","volume":"92","author":"Flynn","year":"2022","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-026-14044-w","article-title":"Family engagement in intensive care: perceptions, barriers, and facilitators among nurses in Saudi Arabia","volume":"26","author":"de Beer","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e465","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000006549","article-title":"Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on family-centered care for adult ICUs: 2024","volume":"53","author":"Hwang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2024.02.001","article-title":"Open disclosure","volume":"24","author":"Philpot","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJA Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S180359","article-title":"Open disclosure of adverse events: exploring the implications of service and policy structures on practice","volume":"12","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000107","article-title":"Disclosing adverse events to patients: international norms and trends","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Patient Saf"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2022-015247","article-title":"Error disclosure in neonatal intensive care: a multicentre, prospective, observational study","volume":"32","author":"Passini","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-020-00546-7","article-title":"The relationship between the perception of open disclosure of patient safety incidents, perception of patient safety culture, and ethical awareness in nurses","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2019-010296","article-title":"Ensuring successful implementation of communication-and-resolution programmes","volume":"29","author":"Mello","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002556","article-title":"Preventing harm in the ICU\u2014Building a culture of safety and engaging patients and families","volume":"45","author":"Thornton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Australian Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S103673142600175X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S103673142600175X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1792393003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S103673142600175X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S103673142600175X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705","relation":{},"ISSN":["1036-7314"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1036-7314","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Patient and family engagement in patient safety in resource-limited intensive care units: A qualitative exploratory study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Australian Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aucc.2026.101705","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101705"}}