{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:29:15Z","timestamp":1789183755849,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001078","name":"Emergency Medicine Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMCB-402R23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMCB-402R23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australasian Emergency Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T17:49:38Z","timestamp":1610646578000},"page":"287-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An initial psychometric evaluation of the APS-POQ-R in acute pain presenting to the emergency department"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9387-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5686-1155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0761-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alixandra","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7149-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1709-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2002.32643","article-title":"The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care","volume":"20","author":"Cordell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0010","series-title":"Emergency department survey: statistical release","author":"Care Quality Commission","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0015","article-title":"The relationship between time to analgesic administration and emergency department length of stay: a retrospective review","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000613","article-title":"Updating the definition of pain","volume":"157","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(89)90286-6","article-title":"Oligoanalgesia in the emergency department","volume":"7","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13591","article-title":"Emergency nurses\u2019 evaluation of observational pain assessment tools for older people with cognitive impairment","volume":"26","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2017.12.007","article-title":"Emergency department contribution to the prescription opioid epidemic","volume":"71","author":"Axeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13261","article-title":"Affecting emergency department oxycodone discharge prescribing: an educational intervention","volume":"31","author":"Kline","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0045","first-page":"652","article-title":"Comparison of patient and practitioner assessments of pain from commonly performed emergency department procedures","volume":"33","author":"Singer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12543","article-title":"Gender differences in patient\u2010described pain, stress, and anxiety among patients undergoing treatment for painful conditions in the emergency department","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2004.09.024","article-title":"Correlation of change in visual analog scale with pain relief in the ED","volume":"23","author":"Fosnocht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70238-X","article-title":"Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity","volume":"27","author":"Todd","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aenj.2015.11.001","article-title":"Time to analgesia and pain score documentation best practice standards for the Emergency Department\u2013A literature review","volume":"19","author":"Hatherley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australas Emerg Nurs J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2011.01397.x","article-title":"Simple clinical targets associated with a high level of patient satisfaction with their pain management","volume":"23","author":"Jao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas EMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12498","article-title":"Best\u2010practice pain management in the emergency department: A cluster\u2010randomised, controlled, intervention trial","volume":"27","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13918","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures in emergency care research: a primer for researchers, peer reviewers, and readers","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0085","series-title":"Person, environment, and health and illness factors influencing time to first analgesia and patient experience of pain management in the adult emergency department","author":"Hughes","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2019.02.006","article-title":"Patient-controlled oral analgesia at acute abdominal pain: a before-and-after intervention study of pain management during hospital stay","volume":"46","author":"Schultz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0095","article-title":"Patient-Reported outcomes of pain care research in the adult emergency department: A scoping review","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australas Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.03.016","article-title":"Cross-cultural examination of the structure of the revised american pain society patient outcome questionnaire (APS-POQ-R)","volume":"16","author":"Botti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.012","article-title":"Revised american pain society patient outcome questionnaire (APS-POQ-R) for quality improvement of pain management in hospitalized adults: preliminary psychometric evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.05.016","article-title":"Patients\u2019 perception of postoperative pain management: validation of the International Pain Outcomes (IPO) questionnaire","volume":"14","author":"Rothaug","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0115","first-page":"117","volume":"19","author":"Schultz","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2012.08.001","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of pain management in a hospital setting: testing the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the revised American Pain Society patient outcome questionnaire","volume":"15","author":"Zo\u00ebga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018082","article-title":"Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology","volume":"57","author":"Schlomer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040957","article-title":"Construct validity in psychological tests","volume":"52","author":"Cronbach","year":"1955","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0135","series-title":"Multivariate data analysis: Pearson new international edition","author":"Hair","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0140","first-page":"268","article-title":"Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests","volume":"160","author":"Bartlett","year":"1937"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1759-9","article-title":"Defining gender disparities in pain management","volume":"469","author":"LeResche","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2006.08.015","article-title":"The national trend in quality of emergency department pain management for long bone fractures","volume":"14","author":"Ritsema","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1071\/AH16025","article-title":"Effect of the 4-h target on time-to-analgesia in an Australian emergency department: a pilot retrospective observational study","volume":"41","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0160","series-title":"PDQ statistics: PMPH-USA","author":"Norman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0165","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), available at https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/by%20Subject\/2033.0.55.001\u223c2016\u223cMain%20Features\u223cAbout%20this%20Release\u223c9999, accessed 1st September 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0180","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation","volume":"126","author":"Schober","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2018.01.002","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of predictors of pain control during the transition from the surgical intensive care unit to surgical ward","volume":"31","author":"Patanwala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2019.02.006","article-title":"Patient-controlled oral analgesia at acute abdominal pain: a before-and-after intervention study of pain management during hospital stay","volume":"46","author":"Schultz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Nurs Res"}],"container-title":["Australasian Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588994X20301135?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588994X20301135?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:56:17Z","timestamp":1762876577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2588994X20301135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2588994X20301135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.09.15.20194738","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2588-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2588-994X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An initial psychometric evaluation of the APS-POQ-R in acute pain presenting to the emergency department","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Australasian Emergency Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.auec.2020.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 College of Emergency Nursing Australasia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}