{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:14:16Z","timestamp":1778901256157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Australasian Emergency Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T05:53:13Z","timestamp":1762581193000},"page":"182-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Practice variations in pharmacological management of acute renal colic pain: A cross-sectional survey study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7350-5574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Eley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Isoardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-017-0160-9","article-title":"A comparative, epidemiological study of acute renal colic presentations to emergency departments in Doha, Qatar, and Melbourne, Australia","volume":"11","author":"Pathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib2","series-title":"Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI). Urinary stone disease - Incidence, treatment and outcomes in NSWACI","author":"NSW","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10032","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00652-8","article-title":"Delivering safe and effective analgesia for management of renal colic in the emergency department: a double-blind, multigroup, randomised controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"Pathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.11.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and paracetamol in the treatment of acute renal colic","volume":"73","author":"Pathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041114","article-title":"Urological guidelines for kidney stones: overview and comprehensive update","volume":"13","author":"Akram","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.728908","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids in the treatment of acute renal colic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Leng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014709","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of analgesics for acute renal colic: a network meta-analysis protocol","volume":"98","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02686-6","article-title":"Clinician training level impacts prescribing practices for the conservative management of acute renal colic: a contemporary update","volume":"53","author":"Qu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.11.010","article-title":"The effect of a statewide mandatory prescription drug monitoring program on opioid prescribing by emergency medicine providers across 15 hospitals in a single health system","volume":"19","author":"Suffoletto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2022-212759","article-title":"Why is pain management so difficult in the Emergency Department? A systematic mixed studies review and thematic synthesis of staff perceptions of enablers and barriers to pain management within the Emergency Department","volume":"40","author":"Sampson","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib11","first-page":"120","article-title":"National project seeking to improve pain management in the emergency department setting: Findings from the NHMRC-NICS N ational P ain M anagement I nitiative","volume":"25","author":"Doherty","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004288","article-title":"Is adequate pain relief and time to analgesia associated with emergency department length of stay? A retrospective study","volume":"4","author":"Sokoloff","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14216","article-title":"The relationship between time to analgesic administration and emergency department length of stay: a retrospective review","volume":"76","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"13-14","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15750","article-title":"Factors associated with time to first analgesic medication in the emergency department","volume":"30","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx364","article-title":"UpSetR: an R package for the visualization of intersecting sets and their properties","volume":"33","author":"Conway","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","article-title":"The qualitative content analysis process","volume":"62","author":"Elo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npls.2016.01.001","article-title":"How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5688\/ajpe7120","article-title":"A Review of the Quality Indicators of Rigor in Qualitative Research","volume":"84","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Pharm Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.33719\/yud.2022;17-1-1016256","article-title":"The approach of emergency physicians to patients with acute renal colic","volume":"17","author":"Bozan","year":"2022","journal-title":"N J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib20","first-page":"871","article-title":"Choice of medical treatment for renal colic: a survey of Chinese urologists","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Beijing da xue xue bao Yi xue Ban J Peking Univ Health Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.06.107","article-title":"Treatment of acute renal colic in US and French EDs: simulated cases and real cases in acute pain management","volume":"34","author":"Bounes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib22","unstructured":"Australian Institute for Health and Welfare. Opioid harm in Australia and comparisons between Australia and Canada. Cat. no. HSE 210. Canberra: AIHW; 2018."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2022.0741","article-title":"Implications of opioid prescriptions for acute renal colic in the emergency setting on return visits and long-term opioid dependence","volume":"37","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2022-212869","volume":"40","author":"Qureshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"EMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/22201181.2018.1426208","article-title":"Intravenous paracetamol \u2014 waste not, want not: a retrospective audit on the appropriate use of intravenous paracetamol at Universitas Academic Hospital Complex\u2014Bloemfontein","volume":"24","author":"Procter","year":"2018","journal-title":"South Afr J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib26","article-title":"The scope of emergency nursing viewed through the lens of complex adaptive systems: a discussion paper","volume":"8","author":"G\u00f6ransson","year":"2025","journal-title":"INJS Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib27","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of the 4-h target on time-to-analgesia in an Australian emergency department: a pilot retrospective observational study","volume":"41","author":"Hughes","year":"2016","journal-title":"AHR"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.auec.2021.01.003","article-title":"The effectiveness of nurse-initiated interventions in the emergency department: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Burgess","year":"2021","journal-title":"Austral Emerg Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12840","article-title":"Medication knowledge and willingness to nurse-initiate medications in an emergency department: a mixed-methods study","volume":"72","author":"Cabilan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-023-00452-0","article-title":"The Emergency nurse Protocols Initiating Care\u2014Sydney Triage to Admission Risk Tool (EPIC-START) trial: protocol for a stepped wedge implementation trial","volume":"4","author":"Curtis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2022.2066719","article-title":"Sterile water injections for management of renal colic pain: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"}],"container-title":["Australasian Emergency Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588994X25000855?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2588994X25000855?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T02:36:00Z","timestamp":1778898960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2588994X25000855"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2588994X25000855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2588-994X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2588-994X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Practice variations in pharmacological management of acute renal colic pain: A cross-sectional survey study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Australasian Emergency Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.auec.2025.10.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of College of Emergency Nursing Australasia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}