{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:48:05Z","timestamp":1790948885466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["autonomicneuroscience.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autonomic Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,22]],"date-time":"2018-04-22T19:22:50Z","timestamp":1524424970000},"page":"12-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"215","author":[{"given":"Brent P.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0005","first-page":"478","article-title":"Postgard","volume":"83","author":"Agarwal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-005-0282-7","volume":"15","author":"Al-Shekhlee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140251","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.28110","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and diminished quality of life in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Bagai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13013","article-title":"Gastrointestinal disorders in joint hypermobility syndrome\/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type: a review for the gastroenterologist","volume":"29","author":"Beckers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.08.013","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome: a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder","volume":"87","author":"Benarroch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181ebe59f","article-title":"Peripheral nervous system manifestations of Sjogren syndrome. Clinical patterns, diagnostic paradigms, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"16","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.23","article-title":"Scintigraphic biomarkers for colonic dysmotility","volume":"87","author":"Camilleri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-016-0347-9","article-title":"Stimulant medication and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a tale of two cases","volume":"26","author":"Cheshire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90818-L","article-title":"The diagnosis of small bowel bacterial overgrowth: reliability of jejunal culture and inadequacy of breath hydrogen testing","volume":"98","author":"Corrazza","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0055","first-page":"112","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a comprehensive review","volume":"3","author":"Dukowicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0060","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Antiadrenergic autoimmunity in postural tachycardia syndrome","author":"Fedorowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31546","article-title":"Gastrointestinal involvement in the Ehlers\u2013Danlos syndromes","volume":"175C","author":"Fikree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C: Semin. Med. Genet."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12391","article-title":"Immunotherapy trial as diagnostic test in evaluating patients with presumed autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility","volume":"26","author":"Flanagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0075","first-page":"1","article-title":"Structural and functional small fiber abnormalities in the neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Gibbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0080","article-title":"Immunoresponsive autonomic neuropathy in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome \u2013 case series and literature review","author":"Goodman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.7.883","volume":"80","author":"Goodman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000134","article-title":"Spectrum of autonomic nervous system impairment in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Goodman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.761643","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"117","author":"Grubb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000183","article-title":"Orthostatic intolerand autonomic dysfunction in youth with persistet postconcussion symptoms: a head-upright tilt table study","volume":"26","author":"Heyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.10.10.842","article-title":"A new method for studying gut transit times using radioopaque markers","volume":"10","author":"Hinton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0110","first-page":"173","article-title":"Comparative clinical profile of postural tachycardia patients with and without joint hypermobility syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Kanjwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian Pacing Electrophysiol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22971","article-title":"Overactive bladder and autonomic dysfunction: lower urinary tract symptoms in females with postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol. Urodyn."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410382792","article-title":"Orthostatic and non-orthostatic headache in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Khurana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000755","article-title":"Autoimmune basis for postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12480","article-title":"Disturbances of gastrointestinal transit and autonomic functions in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Loavenbruck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0135","first-page":"S19","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)","volume":"45","author":"Low","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199712)20:12<1561::AID-MUS11>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Effect of age and gender on sudomotor and cardiovagal function and blood pressure response to tilt in normal subjects","volume":"20","author":"Low","year":"1997","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31552","article-title":"The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers\u2013Danlos syndromes","volume":"175C","author":"Malfait","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. C: Semin. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00118","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Mallien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.187","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome \u2013 current experience and concepts","volume":"8","author":"Mathias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2017.10.001","article-title":"Postural tachycardia in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A distinct subtype?","author":"Miglis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000085868.37963.7D","article-title":"Orthostatic headaches without CSF leak in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Mokri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.965343","article-title":"Altered systemic hemodynamic & baroreflex response to angiotensin II in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Mustafa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000700","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome and inappropriate sinus tachycardia: role of autonomic modulation and sinus node automaticity","volume":"3","author":"Nwazue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12496","article-title":"Review article: the assessment and management of chronic severe gastrointestinal dysmotility in adults","volume":"38","author":"Paine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ailment Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826d5f95","article-title":"Deconditioning in patients with orthostatic intolerance","volume":"79","author":"Parsaik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-009-0045-y","volume":"20","author":"Peltier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0200","first-page":"84","article-title":"The postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS): pathophysiology, diagnosis, & management","volume":"6","author":"Raj","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian Pacing Electrophysiol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.144501","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)","volume":"127","author":"Raj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318063c6c0","article-title":"Blood volume perturbations in the postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"334","author":"Raj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2010.01612.x","article-title":"Evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in clinical practice: position paper of the American and European Neurogastroenterology and Motility Societies","volume":"23","author":"Rao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.191","article-title":"Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Reinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0482-9","article-title":"How to test and treat small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: an evidence-based approach","volume":"18","author":"Rezaie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40480-X","article-title":"The epidemic of orthostatic tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension","volume":"317","author":"Robertson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2\u20133 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R48","DOI":"10.1007\/s004240000353","article-title":"Orthostatic intolerance and the postural tachycardia syndrome: genetic and environment pathophysiologies. Neurolab Autonomic Team","volume":"441","author":"Robertson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90525-1","article-title":"Is neurally mediated hypotension an unrecognised cause of chronic fatigue?","volume":"345","author":"Rowe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.4065\/74.11.1106","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome: clinical features and follow-up study","volume":"74","author":"Sandroni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2286","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension","volume":"295","author":"Schievink","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314524468","article-title":"Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders in antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome (APS)","volume":"23","author":"Schofield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000158259.68614.40","article-title":"Hyperadrenergic postural tachycardia syndrome in mast cell activation disorders","volume":"45","author":"Shibao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210571","volume":"76","author":"Shiboski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201753265415","article-title":"Manometry of the gastrointestinal tract: toy or tool?","volume":"2001","author":"Smout","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(00)80011-0","article-title":"Clinical use of manometry for the diagnosis of intestinal motor abnormalities","volume":"32","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0076-8","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia syndrome: postural orthostatic tachycardia","volume":"10","author":"Staud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.1.116","article-title":"Orthostatic intolerance in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Stewart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.127357","article-title":"Defects in cutaneous angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1\u20137) production in postural tachycardia syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Stewart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0300","author":"Stiles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40790-6","article-title":"The roles of orthostatic hypotension, orthostatic tachycardia, and subnormal erythrocyte volume in the pathogenesis of the chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"320","author":"Streeten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0023-1","article-title":"Investigation of novel autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome utilizing Sera from the Sjogren's international collaborative clinical alliance cohort","volume":"15","author":"Suresh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)61027-6","article-title":"Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: the Mayo clinic experience","volume":"82","author":"Thieben","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004_bb0320","author":"Urodynamic study in POTS"}],"container-title":["Autonomic Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1566070218300158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1566070218300158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:14:02Z","timestamp":1761567242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1566070218300158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S1566070218300158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1566-0702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1566-0702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autonomic Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.04.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}