{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:05:08Z","timestamp":1791896708272,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,28]],"date-time":"2004-06-28T15:43:51Z","timestamp":1088437431000},"page":"493-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Primary biliary cirrhosis: does X mark the spot?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Carlo","family":"Selmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Miozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.Eric","family":"Gershwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017410.x","article-title":"The peculiar autoimmunity of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"174","author":"Mackay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:18:1:87","article-title":"Autoimmunity. Thoughts for the millennium","volume":"18","author":"Mackay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03446.x","article-title":"Genetic and familial considerations of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"96","author":"Tanaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.05.005","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins: genetics, epigenetics, and environment","author":"Selmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13808-1","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"362","author":"Talwalkar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000130538.76808.c2","article-title":"Bacteria and human autoimmunity: the case of primary biliary cirrhosis","author":"Selmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(01)00020-9","article-title":"Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: the role of xenobiotics","volume":"1","author":"Long","year":"2002","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.11.1373","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis in men","volume":"27","author":"Lucey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00046-5","article-title":"Sex hormone profile and endometrial cancer risk in primary biliary cirrhosis: a case-control study","volume":"103","author":"Floreani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(01)00277-0","article-title":"The association between gravidity and primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Parikh-Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200108000-00010","article-title":"Biology of the X chromosome","volume":"13","author":"Gartler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390000382","article-title":"Age-and tissue-specific variation of X chromosome inactivation ratios in normal women","volume":"107","author":"Sharp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB13","first-page":"288","article-title":"Predominance of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases in females","volume":"4","author":"Kast","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/ar118","article-title":"The role of X-chromosome inactivation in female predisposition to autoimmunity","volume":"2","author":"Chitnis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05487-3","article-title":"Turner's syndrome","volume":"358","author":"Ranke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.11.2418","article-title":"Female sex preponderance for idiopathic familial premature ovarian failure suggests an X chromosome defect: opinion","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.17807.x","article-title":"Novel immunodeficiency data servers","volume":"178","author":"Valiaho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(00)00104-0","article-title":"The X chromosome and the ovary","volume":"8","author":"Zinn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15541-4","article-title":"Frequency of monosomy X in women with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"363","author":"Invernizzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB20","first-page":"1143","article-title":"Sex chromosome loss and aging: in situ hybridization studies on human interphase nuclei","volume":"57","author":"Guttenbach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22441","article-title":"The lymphoid liver: considerations on pathways to autoimmune injury","volume":"120","author":"Kita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1086\/302092","article-title":"Age-dependent inclusion of sex chromosomes in lymphocyte micronuclei of man","volume":"63","author":"Catalan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14506","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14506","article-title":"Aneuploidy correlated 100% with chemical transformation of Chinese hamster cells","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14440","article-title":"A first-generation X-inactivation profile of the human X chromosome","volume":"96","author":"Carrel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4363","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.13.4363","article-title":"Familial-skewed X-chromosome inactivation as a predisposing factor for late-onset X-linked sideroblastic anemia in carrier females","volume":"96","author":"Cazzola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252784499","article-title":"Individuality and variation in gene expression patterns in human blood","volume":"100","author":"Whitney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7364","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.13.7364","article-title":"Heterogeneous gene expression from the inactive X chromosome: an X-linked gene that escapes X inactivation in some human cell lines but is inactivated in others","volume":"96","author":"Carrel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.2.377","article-title":"Two distinct genes for ADP\/ATP translocase are expressed at the mRNA level in adult human liver","volume":"85","author":"Houldsworth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.9.3126","article-title":"UTY gene codes for an HLA-B60-restricted human male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen involved in stem cell graft rejection: characterization of the critical polymorphic amino acid residues for T-cell recognition","volume":"96","author":"Vogt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/83713","article-title":"The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3","volume":"27","author":"Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01800219","article-title":"X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit deficiency in heterozygous females: variable manifestation of the same mutation","volume":"15","author":"Dahl","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017402.x","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis: an orchestrated immune response against epithelial cells","volume":"174","author":"Gershwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/322032a0","article-title":"Cloning the gene for an inherited human disorder-chronic granulomatous disease-on the basis of its chromosomal location","volume":"322","author":"Royer-Pokora","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.11.850","article-title":"Hepatic granulomas: a 10-year single centre experience","volume":"56","author":"Gaya","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70123-9","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Levy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1086\/313947","article-title":"Clinical relevance of age-related immune dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Castle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200403000-00013","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"38","author":"Selmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997204000862?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997204000862?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T11:22:39Z","timestamp":1585826559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997204000862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997204000862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}