{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:55:27Z","timestamp":1790686527832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,29]],"date-time":"2009-01-29T09:43:25Z","timestamp":1233222205000},"page":"420-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The interplay between the geographic distribution of HLA-B27 alleles and their role in infectious and autoimmune diseases: A unifying hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Paladini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Cauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(80)90105-6","article-title":"The HLA-A,B gene frequencies in the world: migration or selection?","volume":"1","author":"Piazza","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib2","first-page":"572","article-title":"HL-A 27 and ankylosing spondylitis in B.C. Indians","volume":"11","author":"Gofton","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib3","series-title":"Rheumatology","first-page":"15.1","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence and demography","author":"Gran","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199507000-00001","article-title":"HLA-B27 and its subtypes in world populations","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1997.tb02724.x","article-title":"HLA-B27 polymorphism and worldwide susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"49","author":"Gonzales-Roches","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199807000-00001","article-title":"Spondyloarthropathies","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.072488","article-title":"HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis geographic distribution versus malaria endemic: casual or causal liaison?","volume":"67","author":"Mathieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.03.013","article-title":"HLA-B27 and Ankylosing Spondylitis geographic distribution as the result of a genetic selection induced by malaria endemic? A review supporting the hypothesis","volume":"7","author":"Mathieu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(99)80003-1","article-title":"Rheumatic diseases in North America's indigenous peoples","volume":"28","author":"Peschken","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10948","article-title":"Two distinctive HLA haplotypes harbor the B27 alleles negatively or positively associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Sardinia: implications for disease pathogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Fiorillo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22820","article-title":"Identification of previously unrecognized predisposing factors for Ankylosing Spondylitis, from analysis of HLA-B27 extended haplotypes in a Sardinian population","volume":"56","author":"Cascino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8077.2005.00152.x","article-title":"HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"8","author":"Akkoc","year":"2005","journal-title":"APLAR J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib13","series-title":"Cecil Textbook of Internal Medicine","first-page":"1466","author":"Cush","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251133","article-title":"Relevance of residue 116 of HLA-B27 in determining susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"25","author":"D'Amato","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib15","first-page":"1111","article-title":"HLA-B27 subtypes positively and negatively associated with spondyloarthropathy","volume":"24","author":"Nasution","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(03)00085-5","article-title":"HLA-B27 subtypes determination in patients with ankylosing spondylitis from Zulia, Venezuela","volume":"64","author":"Cipriani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.08.177","article-title":"HLA-B27 in the Greek Cypriot population: distribution of subtypes in patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and other HLA-B27-related diseases. The possible protective role of B\u204e2707","volume":"65","author":"Varnavidou-Nicolaidou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21308","article-title":"Distribution of HLA-B27 subtypes in Sardinia and Continental Italy and their association with Spondyloarthropathies","volume":"52","author":"Paladini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1155\/1993\/819041","article-title":"Association of the HLAA2, CW2, B27, S31, DR2 haplotype with ankylosing spondylitis. A possible role of non-B27 factors in the disease","volume":"11","author":"La Nasa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199803)41:3<460::AID-ART12>3.3.CO;2-O","article-title":"The effect of HLA-DR genes on susceptibility to and severity of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"41","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.1999.530206.x","article-title":"HLA-A\u204e9, a probable secondary susceptibility marker to ankylosing spondylitis in Basque patients","volume":"53","author":"de Juan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10584","article-title":"Association of ankylosing spondylitis with HLA-B\u204e1403 in a west african population","volume":"46","author":"Lopez-Larrea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib23","first-page":"193","article-title":"Cross reactive HLA antigens in B27-negative Reiter's syndrome and sacroiliitis","volume":"141","author":"Arnett","year":"1977","journal-title":"Johns Hopkins Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh193","article-title":"HLA-B60 and B61 are strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27-negative Taiwan Chinese patients","volume":"43","author":"Wei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.55.4.268","article-title":"HLA class I associations of ankylosing spondylitis in the white population in the United Kingdom","volume":"55","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib26","first-page":"253","article-title":"Increased frequency of HLA-Bw62 and Bw35 CREG antigens in HLA-B27 negative ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"43","author":"Wagener","year":"1984","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1984.tb00018.x","article-title":"Seronegative spondyloarthropathies and HLA antigens in a Mestizo population","volume":"23","author":"Perez-Rojas","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1998.tb03072.x","article-title":"HLA-B35 frequency variations correlate with malaria infection in Sardinia","volume":"52","author":"Contu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib29","first-page":"27","article-title":"Relations between ankylosing spondyloarthritis and HLA-B27 in various ethnic groups in Russia","volume":"73","author":"Erdes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh133","article-title":"Epidemiology of ankylosing spondylitis in Northwest Greece, 1983\u20132002","volume":"43","author":"Alamanos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s002960050033","article-title":"The demographic and clinical spectrum of Arab versus Asian patients with ankylosing spondylitis in the UAE","volume":"17","author":"al Attia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb03013.x","article-title":"HLA class I and class II association with ankylosing spondylitis in a southern Indian population","volume":"958","author":"Madhavan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib33","first-page":"473","article-title":"Relation of spondylarthropathies and HLA-B27 antigen in patients from the state of Zulia, Venezuela","volume":"41","author":"Rivera","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sangre (Barc)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670050135","article-title":"Clinical features of spondyloarthropathy in Chinese and native Indonesians","volume":"18","author":"Mardjuadi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200007000-00008","article-title":"Spondyloarthropathies in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"12","author":"Mijiyawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.3.177","article-title":"Association of A1-B8-DR3 and B27 with rapid and slow progression of HIV disease","volume":"89","author":"McNeil","year":"1996","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21049","article-title":"Dominant influence of an HLA-B27 restricted CD8+ T cell response in mediating HCV clearance and evolution","volume":"43","author":"Neumann-Haefelin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6942","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6942","article-title":"New class I and II HLA alleles strongly associated with opposite patterns of progression to AIDS","volume":"162","author":"Hendel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000151607","article-title":"Does the \u201chygiene hypothesis\u201d provide an explanation for the high prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sardinia?","volume":"36","author":"Sotgiu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.60","article-title":"A functional polymorphism of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene correlates with the presence of HLA-B (\u204e)2705 in Sardinia","volume":"9","author":"Paladini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Immun"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156899720900007X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S156899720900007X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T18:36:59Z","timestamp":1710009419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S156899720900007X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S156899720900007X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}