{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:05:12Z","timestamp":1787933112452,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":227,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T02:45:44Z","timestamp":1339123544000},"page":"323-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Bell's palsy and autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.F.","family":"Macri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"de Vincentiis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp041120","article-title":"Clinical practice. Bell's palsy","volume":"351","author":"Gilden","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0010","first-page":"125","article-title":"Diagnostic difficulties in etiology of the lesion of peripheral neuron of the facial nerve during the growth from of sialoma","volume":"8","author":"Kawiak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802760370736","article-title":"Bell's palsy: the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies","volume":"549","author":"Peitersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050314","article-title":"Idiopathic facial paralysis","volume":"46","author":"Wolf","year":"1998","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1978.88.5.787","article-title":"The true nature of Bell's palsy: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients","volume":"88","author":"Adour","year":"1978","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000065645","article-title":"Annualized incidence and spectrum of illness an outbreak investigation of Bell's palsy","volume":"21","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100105201","article-title":"Idiopathic facial nerve palsy (the effect of treatment with steroids)","volume":"102","author":"Prescott","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200511","article-title":"Incidence, clinical features, and prognosis in Bell's palsy. Rochester, the Minnesota 1968\u20131982","volume":"20","author":"Katusic","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7465.553","article-title":"Recent developments in Bell's palsy","volume":"329","author":"Holland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0050","series-title":"Pheripheral neuropathy","first-page":"818","article-title":"Diseases of seventh cranial nerve","author":"Karens","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.72.5.398","article-title":"When is facial paralysis Bell palsy? Current diagnosis and treatment","volume":"72","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198805000-00012","article-title":"Recurrent Bell's palsy: analysis of 140 patients","volume":"98","author":"Pitts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0065","first-page":"479","article-title":"Idiopathic, herpetic, and HIV-associated facial nerve palsies: abnormal MR enhancement patterns","volume":"15","author":"Sartoretti-Schefer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198901000-00006","article-title":"Histopathology of Bell's palsy","volume":"99","author":"Liston","year":"1989","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198511000-00009","article-title":"Facial paralysis in Lyme disease","volume":"95","author":"Clark","year":"1985","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0080","first-page":"313","article-title":"Should we use steroids to treat children with Bell's palsy?","volume":"52","author":"Atzema","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)91499-7","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus as a cause of Bell's palsy","volume":"1","author":"Mc Cormick","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/92.1.109","article-title":"Epidemic incidence of Bell's palsy","volume":"92","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1969","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1959.tb89319.x","article-title":"Viral infection of the nervous system","volume":"2","author":"Kynvett","year":"1959","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199012000-00003","article-title":"Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in Bell's palsy","volume":"100","author":"Schwaber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1983.15.issue-3.02","article-title":"Peripheral facial palsy and coincidental cytomegalovirus infection or reactivation","volume":"15","author":"Traavik","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)93134-6","article-title":"Bell's palsy and infectious mononucleosis","volume":"2","author":"Grose","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0115","first-page":"230","article-title":"Serology in facial paralysis caused by clinically presumed herpes zoster infection","volume":"245","author":"Njoo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.7.678","article-title":"Bell's palsy and infection with rubella virus","volume":"46","author":"Jamal","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.3.425","article-title":"Bell's palsy and HIV infection","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.263","article-title":"Facial palsy and infection. The unfolding story","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0135","first-page":"257","article-title":"Facial nerve palsy in Lyme disease: evaluation of clinical diagnostic criteria","volume":"18","author":"Smouha","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190702000-00001","article-title":"On herpetic inflammation of the geniculate ganglion. A new syndrome and its complications","volume":"34","author":"Hunt","year":"1907","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)84465-7","article-title":"Facial palsy and infectious zoster virus","volume":"1","author":"Aitkin","year":"1933","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(61)90165-9","article-title":"Facial paralysis as a complication of chicken-pox","volume":"52","author":"Ravin","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100071632","article-title":"The incidence of herpes zoster antibodies in patients with peripheral facial palsy","volume":"84","author":"Peitersen","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1972.00770080558015","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus in idiopathic facial palsy","volume":"95","author":"Tomita","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00915.x","article-title":"Human herpes viruses latent infection in the nervous system","volume":"152","author":"Steiner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-192905000-00004","article-title":"Herpetic infections with special reference to involvement of the nervous system","volume":"8","author":"Goodpasture","year":"1929","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0175","first-page":"9","article-title":"The nature of herpes zoster: a long term study and a new hypothesis","volume":"58","author":"Hope-Simpson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0180","first-page":"S6","article-title":"An ELISA study on Varicella-zoster virus infection in acute peripheral facial palsy","volume":"446","author":"Tomita","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(95)92769-7","article-title":"Is Bell's palsy a reactivation of Varicella zoster virus ?","volume":"30","author":"Morgan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1202","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of varicella zoster virus infection in acute facial palsy","volume":"51","author":"Murakami","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199812)56:4<359::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Detection of Varicella-zoster virus DNA in peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with Ramsey Hunt syndrome or zoster sine herpete","volume":"56","author":"Terada","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.Supplement_1.S30","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus reactivation without rash","volume":"166","author":"Gilden","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489209137502","article-title":"Detection of latent herpes simplex virus DNA and RNA in human geniculate ganglia by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"112","author":"Takasu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00573-4","article-title":"Highly variable distribution of HSV-1 specific DNA in human geniculate, vestibular and spiral ganglia","volume":"252","author":"Schulz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00005","article-title":"Bell's palsy and herpes simplex: identification of viral DNA in endoneural fluids and muscle","volume":"127","author":"Murakami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90171-B","article-title":"A latent, nonpathogenic HSV-1 derived vector stably expresses beta galactosidase in mouse neurons","volume":"5","author":"Dobson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.62.9.3493-3496.1988","article-title":"Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription in human trigeminal ganglia","volume":"62","author":"Steiner","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of herpes simplex viruses","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Whitley","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(75)90109-4","article-title":"Cellular immune response to peripheral nerve basic protein in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy)","volume":"26","author":"Abramsky","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947708600304","article-title":"Immunological concept for Bell's palsy: further experimental study","volume":"86","author":"Mc Govern","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1980.tb00895.x","article-title":"Acute facial paralysis: a virological study","volume":"5","author":"Mulkens","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200218","article-title":"Peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in Bell's palsy","volume":"92","author":"Aviel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1987.tb00203.x","article-title":"Cellular immunity abnormalities in patients with recurrent Bell's palsy","volume":"12","author":"Ma\u00f1\u00f3s-Pujol","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489109100758","article-title":"The HLA system and T-cell subsets in Bell's palsy","volume":"111","author":"Gorodezky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196212272672602","article-title":"The Landry Guillain Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Report of an unusual case, with a comment on Bell's palsy","volume":"267","author":"Charous","year":"1962","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.25.12.1154","article-title":"Cell-mediated immunity to neural antigens in idiopathic polyneuritis and myeloradiculitis. Clinical\u2013immunological classification of the nervous system autoimmune demyelinating disorders","volume":"25","author":"Abramsky","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(82)90055-8","article-title":"Antibodies to peripheral nerve tissue in sera from patients with acute Guillain Barr\u00e9 syndrome demonstrated by a mixed haemagglutination technique","volume":"2","author":"Vedeler","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1159\/000116006","article-title":"Immunoglobulins, complement components and lymphocyte subpopulations in Bell's palsy","volume":"25","author":"Vedeler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1159\/000114953","article-title":"Lymphocytes subpopulations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with acute Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Nyland","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0290","first-page":"448","article-title":"Lymphocytes subpopulations and suppressor cell activity in acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome)","volume":"51","author":"Hughes","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0295","first-page":"30","article-title":"T and B lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Lisak","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0300","first-page":"195","article-title":"Subclinical pheripheral nerve involvement in unilateral Bell's palsy","volume":"52","author":"Chaco","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197305242882106","article-title":"Viral infections and demyelinating diseases","volume":"288","author":"Weiner","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0310","first-page":"176","article-title":"Autoimmune and virus induced demyelinating diseases","volume":"91","author":"Lampert","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0315","series-title":"Proceedings of the Shambaugh Fifth International Workshop on Middle Ear Microsurgery and Fluctuant Hearing Loss","first-page":"229","article-title":"The concept of Bell's palsy as an immunologically mediated disease","author":"Mc Govern","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00049-7","article-title":"Serum cytokine levels in Bell's palsy","volume":"197","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.174","article-title":"Bell's palsy associated with IFN-alpha and ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"25","author":"Hoare","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.49.1.102","article-title":"Facial paralysis in children","volume":"49","author":"Maning","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287301200912","article-title":"Brachial neuritis and seventh nerve palsy. A rare hazard of DPT vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Martin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00169-7","article-title":"Manipulating the immune system: humoral versus cell-mediated immunity","volume":"51","author":"Mc Neela","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030595","article-title":"Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of Bell's palsy in Switzerland","volume":"350","author":"Mutsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.24.12.1112","article-title":"Idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy): factors affecting severity and outcome in 446 patients","volume":"24","author":"Adour","year":"1974","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197212212872503","article-title":"Prednisone treatment for idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy)","volume":"287","author":"Adour","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60522-2","article-title":"Chemical suppression of adaptive immunity","volume":"6","author":"Gabrielsen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0365","first-page":"743","article-title":"The clinical problem of Bell's palsy: is treatment with steroids effective?","volume":"46","author":"Williamson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199804000-00020","article-title":"Idiopathic facial paralysis: a randomized, prospective, and controlled study using single dose prednisone versus acyclovir three times daily","volume":"108","author":"De Diego","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0375","first-page":"CD001869","article-title":"Aciclovir or valaciclovir for Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000265190.29969.12","article-title":"Valacyclovir and prednisolone treatment for Bell's palsy: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"28","author":"Hato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.05.011","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases of the peripheral nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Kieseier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.05.006","article-title":"A clear look at the neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Selmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.05.012","article-title":"Autoimmune disorders affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system","volume":"11","author":"Kamm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.7.830","article-title":"Practice parameter: steroids, acyclovir, and surgery for Bell's palsy (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"56","author":"Grogan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000160265.18780.1C","article-title":"The phenomenon of the late recovered Bell's palsy: treatment options to improve facial symmetry","volume":"115","author":"Bulstrode","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609500511","article-title":"Immune reactivity in Bell's palsy","volume":"95","author":"Hughes","year":"1986","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997212001152?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997212001152?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T03:42:41Z","timestamp":1714016561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997212001152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997212001152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}}}