{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:06:10Z","timestamp":1791302770481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,29]],"date-time":"2013-03-29T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1364516182000},"page":"958-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Biologic therapies and systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Dimitroulas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros N.","family":"Nikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Trontzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Kitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0005","first-page":"S21","article-title":"Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Dequeker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.2000.0129","article-title":"Bone changes in early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0253-7","article-title":"Bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis: systemic, periarticular, and focal","volume":"14","author":"Deal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Arnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2066-9","article-title":"Relationship of bone mineral density with disease activity and functional ability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"Grazio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1244-5","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for low bone mineral density in Japanese female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Furukawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.96458","article-title":"Frequency of low bone mineral density in Saudi patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"18","author":"Ismail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-012-0104-5","article-title":"Pathways for bone loss in inflammatory disease","volume":"10","author":"Braun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123729","article-title":"No overall progression and occasional repair of erosions despite persistent inflammation in adalimumab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients: results from a longitudinal comparative MRI, ultrasonography, CT and radiography study","volume":"70","author":"D\u00f8hn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20982","volume":"52","author":"Smolen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2009.090399","article-title":"Recent advances in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"86","author":"Suresh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799504786","article-title":"The effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Peters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.04.014","article-title":"Cardiovascular safety of anti-TNF-alpha therapies: facts and unsettled issues","volume":"10","author":"Cacciapaglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200003)43:3<522::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Bone mineral density and frequency of osteoporosis in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from 394 patients in the Oslo County Rheumatoid Arthritis register","volume":"43","author":"Haugeberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2012.01729.x","article-title":"Increased frequency of osteoporosis and BMD below the expected range for age among South Korean women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101196","article-title":"Arthritis increases the risk for fractures\u2014results from the Women's Health Initiative","volume":"38","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.05.016","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and rehabilitation","volume":"11","author":"Flachenecker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0543-5","article-title":"FRAX and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK","volume":"19","author":"Kanis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22117","article-title":"Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"van Staa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-002-8274-7","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal study of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Shibuya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0576-x","article-title":"Significance of risk factors for osteoporosis is dependent on gender and menopause in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Oelzner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200307000-00016","article-title":"Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on bone","volume":"15","author":"Haugeberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2495","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.22.2495","article-title":"High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and risk of nontraumatic fractures in the Bruneck study","volume":"166","author":"Schett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0120","first-page":"2299","article-title":"Bone mineral density in men with rheumatoid arthritis is associated with erosive disease and sulfasalazine treatment but not with sex hormones","volume":"29","author":"Tengstrand","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10616","article-title":"Association of baseline levels of markers of bone and cartilage degradation with long-term progression of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: the COBRA study","volume":"46","author":"Garnero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R96","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3025","article-title":"Accelerated hand bone mineral density loss is associated with progressive joint damage in hands and feet in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"G\u00fcler-Y\u00fcksel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/ar67","article-title":"Mechanisms of bone loss in inflammatory arthritis: diagnosis and therapeutic implications","volume":"2","author":"Goldring","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91049-9","article-title":"Generalised bone loss in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"344","author":"Gough","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0595","article-title":"Tight control applied to the biological therapy of rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Epis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/35046196","article-title":"Bone versus immune system","volume":"408","author":"Arron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2174\/187152812800392733","article-title":"The tight relationship between osteoclasts and the immune system","volume":"11","author":"Del Fattore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215582","article-title":"Osteoclasts are essential for TNF-alpha-mediated joint destruction","volume":"110","author":"Redlich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63016-7","article-title":"TRANCE\/RANKL knockout mice are protected from bone erosion in a serum transfer model of arthritis","volume":"159","author":"Pettit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636534","article-title":"Murine dendritic cell transdifferentiation into osteoclasts is differentially regulated by innate and adaptive cytokines","volume":"37","author":"Speziani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36389","article-title":"Evidence that cytokines play a role in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"118","author":"Brennan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2452","article-title":"Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression","volume":"17","author":"Nakashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.153312","article-title":"Cytokine mRNA profiling identifies B cells as a major source of RANKL in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3380","article-title":"Positive regulators of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Braun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X12438080","article-title":"The role of RANK ligand\/osteoprotegerin in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Geusens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2571","article-title":"Osteoimmunology in rheumatic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Schett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2175-5","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin and RANKL in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-induced osteoporosis","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021462","article-title":"M-CSF potently augments RANKL-induced resorption activation in mature human osteoclasts","volume":"6","author":"Hodge","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11176","article-title":"TNF-alpha induces osteoclastogenesis by direct stimulation of macrophages exposed to permissive levels of RANK ligand","volume":"106","author":"Lam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26132","article-title":"M-CSF mediates TNF-induced inflammatory osteolysis","volume":"115","author":"Kitaura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.06.048","article-title":"Expression of POEM, a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation, is suppressed by TNF-\u03b1","volume":"410","author":"Tsukasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00857.x","article-title":"Bone remodelling in rheumatic disease: a question of balance","volume":"233","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.02.017","article-title":"Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.01.006","article-title":"The emerging role of Dickkopf-1 in bone biology: is it the main switch controlling bone and joint remodelling?","volume":"41","author":"Daoussis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1538","article-title":"Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling","volume":"13","author":"Diarra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100089","article-title":"Circulating Dickkopf-1 is correlated with bone erosion and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0255","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Circulating Dickkopf-1 and osteoprotegerin in patients with early and longstanding rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"123","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.104786","article-title":"Interleukin-1 is essential for systemic inflammatory bone loss","volume":"69","author":"Polzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(06)74015-8","article-title":"Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by interleukin-1","volume":"74","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22175","article-title":"Impaired skeletal development in interleukin-6-transgenic mice: a model for the impact of chronic inflammation on the growing skeletal system","volume":"54","author":"De Benedetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.09.052","article-title":"Osteocyte apoptosis regulates osteoclast precursor adhesion via osteocytic IL-6 secretion and endothelial ICAM-1 expression","volume":"50","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1606-z","article-title":"The balance between soluble receptors regulating IL-6 trans-signaling is predictive for the RANKL\/osteoprotegerin ratio in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Oelzner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.9.1047","article-title":"Does active treatment of rheumatoidarthritis limit disease-associated bone loss?","volume":"41","author":"Dolan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11283","article-title":"Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy","volume":"48","author":"Van Staa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R128","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2542","article-title":"Impact of low-dose prednisolone on bone synthesis and resorption in early rheumatoid arthritis: experiences from a two-year randomized study","volume":"10","author":"Engvall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.11.1293","article-title":"Reduced loss of hand bone density with prednisolone in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"165","author":"Haugeberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.091611","article-title":"Bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis patients 1year after adalimumab therapy: arrest of bone loss","volume":"68","author":"Wijbrandts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R61","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2219","article-title":"A 1-year case-control study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis indicates prevention of loss of bone mineral density in both responders and nonresponders to infliximab","volume":"9","author":"Marotte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1584-3","article-title":"Prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: revisiting the role of glucocorticoids","volume":"23","author":"Ghazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2174\/157488608785699522","article-title":"Skeletal effects of drugs to treat cancer","volume":"3","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.7.741","article-title":"Methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. II. In vivo effects on bone mineral density","volume":"41","author":"Minaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0330","first-page":"2395","article-title":"The effect of low dose methotrexate on bone density","volume":"28","author":"Cranney","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0335","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Effect of low dose methotrexate on bone density in women with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a multicenter cross-sectional study","volume":"31","author":"di Munno","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0340","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Effects of low dose methotrexate on the bone mineral density of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Buckley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2002.43.4.435","article-title":"The effects of sulphasalazine on urinary excretion of the hydroxypyridinium crosslinks of collagen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"43","author":"D\u00edlek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0350","first-page":"663","article-title":"Prevention of bone mineral density loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNFalpha therapy","volume":"2","author":"Marotte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1462-4","article-title":"Systemic bone effects of biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"22","author":"Confavreux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119333","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor are protected against bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Ammann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.02.017","article-title":"Estrogen deficiency increases osteoclastogenesis up-regulating T cells activity: a key mechanism in osteoporosis","volume":"43","author":"D'Amelio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.07.004","article-title":"TNF-alpha antibodies and osteoprotegerin decrease systemic bone loss associated with inflammation through distinct mechanisms in collagen-induced arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Saidenberg-Kermanac'h","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1489","article-title":"Effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on nonvertebral fracture risk in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0610","article-title":"Initiation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) antagonists and risk of fractures in patients with selected rheumatic and autoimmune diseases","author":"Kawai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11292","article-title":"Early changes in bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with infliximab","volume":"48","author":"Vis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.044198","article-title":"Evaluation of bone mineral density, bone metabolism, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of the NFkappaB ligand serum levels during treatment with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Vis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.071910","article-title":"Baseline serum RANKL levels may serve to predict remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with TNF antagonists","volume":"66","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alvaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10388","article-title":"High levels of osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand in serum of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their normalization after anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment","volume":"46","author":"Ziolkowska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076604","article-title":"Long-term effects of infliximab on bone and cartilage turnover markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Chopin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei082","article-title":"Increase in bone mineral density of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha antibody: a prospective open-label pilot study","volume":"44","author":"Lange","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei280","article-title":"The effect of infliximab on bone metabolism markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"45","author":"Torikai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-0870-8","article-title":"Reduction of urinary levels of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline and serum levels of soluble receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand by etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"27","author":"Yasunori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27231","article-title":"Evidence that Dkk-1 is dysfunctional in ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"62","author":"Daoussis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21528","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy increases synovial osteoprotegerin expression in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"Catrina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.017780","article-title":"Bone mineral density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab","volume":"64","author":"Vis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.040","article-title":"Bone metabolism changes during anti-TNF-alpha therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"1069","author":"Seriolo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076711","article-title":"Infliximab inhibits bone resorption by circulating osteoclast precursor cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"67","author":"Gengenbacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.073817","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density in patients with recent onset, active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"G\u00fcler-Y\u00fcksel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.127787","article-title":"Stable bone mineral density in lumbar spine and hip in contrast to bone loss in the hands during long-term treatment with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Eekman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.091264","article-title":"Adalimumab therapy reduces hand bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis: explorative analyses from the PREMIER study","volume":"68","author":"Hoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes320","article-title":"Changes in bone mineral density during long-term treatment with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Krieckaert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-54","article-title":"Adalimumab reduces hand bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis independent of clinical response: subanalysis of the PREMIER study","volume":"12","author":"Hoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22190","article-title":"Presence of significant synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-induced clinical remission: evidence from an imaging study may explain structural progression","volume":"54","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1L268","article-title":"Tocilizumab: an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Plushner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.068064","article-title":"Study of active controlled monotherapy used for rheumatoid arthritis, an IL-6 inhibitor (SAMURAI): evidence of clinical and radiographic benefit from an x ray reader-blinded randomised controlled trial of tocilizumab","volume":"66","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24781","article-title":"Inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor directly blocks osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo","volume":"60","author":"Axmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2375-7","article-title":"Relation of interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis patients to systemic bone loss and structural bone damage","volume":"33","author":"Abdel Meguid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25053","volume":"62","author":"Garnero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2021-9","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin expression in bone marrow by treatment with tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Kanbe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0510","first-page":"921","article-title":"Early effects of IL-6 receptor inhibition on bone homeostasis: a pilot study in women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"29","author":"Terpos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.10.012","article-title":"To switch or not to switch after a poor response to a TNF\u03b1 blocker? It is not only a matter of ACR20 or ACR50","volume":"11","author":"Buch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0630","article-title":"Immunogenicity and autoimmunity during anti-TNF therapy","author":"Atzeni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.06.010","article-title":"B-cells and their targeting in rheumatoid arthritis\u2014current concepts and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Nakken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200198","article-title":"Rituximab abrogates joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Boumans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1560-9","article-title":"Influence of rituximab on markers of bone remodeling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective open-label pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Hein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0635","first-page":"704","article-title":"Variations in lumbar spine and femoral BMD after rituximab therapy in active rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Salvin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.377945","article-title":"Receptor activator of nuclear factor \u03baB ligand (RANKL) protein expression by B lymphocytes contributes to ovariectomy-induced bone loss","volume":"287","author":"Onal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0640","first-page":"334","article-title":"Analysis of cytokine mRNA profiles of sorted RA synovial fluid cell populations reveal B cells as a major source of RANKL","volume":"69","author":"Yeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0645","first-page":"163","article-title":"Abatacept: the evidence for its place in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2","author":"K\u00f6ller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Core Evid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.080713","article-title":"CTLA-4 directly inhibits osteoclast formation","volume":"67","author":"Axmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.01.001","article-title":"Advances in CTLA-4-Ig-mediated modulation of inflammatory cell and immune response activation in rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Cutolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05216.x","article-title":"Inhibition of antigen presentation and T cell costimulation blocks PTH-induced bone loss","volume":"1192","author":"Bedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","article-title":"Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"361","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20004","article-title":"Denosumab-mediated increase in hand bone mineral density associated with decreased progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"62","author":"Deodhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20172","article-title":"Denosumab prevents metacarpal shaft cortical bone loss in patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Sharp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.112920","article-title":"Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving concurrent glucocorticoids or bisphosphonates","volume":"69","author":"Dore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997213000475?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997213000475?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,17]],"date-time":"2018-10-17T11:32:34Z","timestamp":1539775954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997213000475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997213000475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biologic therapies and systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}