{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:00:55Z","timestamp":1790550055401,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,11]],"date-time":"2014-01-11T12:30:22Z","timestamp":1389443422000},"page":"565-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Diagnosis and classification of pernicious anemia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Bizzaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Antico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0005","first-page":"990","article-title":"Megaloblastic anemia in North Africa","volume":"9","author":"Maktouf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0931","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis in different parts of the world","volume":"15","author":"Weck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00040041097008","article-title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly","volume":"156","author":"Carmel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3534","article-title":"Variable hematologic presentation of autoimmune gastritis: age-related progression from iron deficiency to cobalamin depletion","volume":"107","author":"Herscko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2007.02.013","article-title":"Clinical aspects of cobalamin deficiency in elderly patients. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment with special focus on oral cobalamin therapy","volume":"18","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2007.067421","article-title":"Longitudinal study of Chinese patients with pernicious anaemia","volume":"84","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5302.454","article-title":"Immunological relationship between pernicious anemia and thyroid disease","volume":"2","author":"Irvine","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030530","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori antigens and H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase in human gastric autoimmunity","volume":"198","author":"Amedei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000024","article-title":"Defining the role of the MHC in autoimmunity: a review and pooled analysis","volume":"4","author":"Fernando","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.5121","article-title":"Pernicious anemia: new insights from a gastroenterological point of view","volume":"15","author":"Lahner","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2012.06.004","article-title":"Factors associated with parietal cell autoantibodies in the general population","volume":"147","author":"Cabrera de Le\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01653-4","article-title":"The causative H+\/K+ ATPase antigen in the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis","volume":"21","author":"Toh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21187","article-title":"H(+), K(+)-ATPase (proton pump) is the target autoantigen of Th1-type cytotoxic T cells in autoimmune gastritis","volume":"120","author":"D'Elios","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939309014648","article-title":"Alpha and beta subunits of the gastric H+\/K+-ATPase are concordantly targeted by parietal cell autoantibodies associated with autoimmune gastritis","volume":"16","author":"Callaghan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012595961-2\/50042-1","article-title":"Gastritis and pernicious anemia","volume":"39","author":"Toh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0080","first-page":"1542","article-title":"Biermer's disease","volume":"51","author":"Zittoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Prat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-010-8218-y","article-title":"Cutting edge issues in autoimmune gastritis","volume":"42","author":"Toh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5134","article-title":"Animal models of human disease: experimental autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia","volume":"102","author":"Alderuccio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930410001705439","article-title":"Pernicious anaemia","volume":"37","author":"Toh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0100","series-title":"Autoantibodies","first-page":"479","article-title":"Parietal cell and intrinsic factor autoantibodies","author":"Toh","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1967.16.3.226","article-title":"Pernicious anaemia: incidence and significance of circulating antibodies to intrinsic factor and to parietal cells","volume":"16","author":"Ungar","year":"1967","journal-title":"Australas Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.10.1092","article-title":"Longitudinal study of circulating gastric antibodies in pernicious anaemia","volume":"42","author":"Davidson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06880.x","article-title":"Reassessment of the relative prevalences of antibodies to gastric parietal cell and to intrinsic factor in patients with pernicious anaemia: influence of patient age and race","volume":"89","author":"Carmel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0120","first-page":"148","article-title":"Detection of type I and II antibodies to intrinsic factor","volume":"43","author":"Conn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347456","article-title":"Serum autoimmune gastritis markers, pepsinogen I and parietal cell antibodies, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 5-year prospective study","volume":"34","author":"Alonso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.08.006","article-title":"Autoantibodies to parietal cells as predictors of atrophic body gastritis: a five-year prospective study in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases","volume":"10","author":"Tozzoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0135","volume":"vol. 31","author":"Berkley","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1083-4389.2001.00032.x","article-title":"Two-thirds of atrophic body gastritis patients have evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"6","author":"Annibale","year":"2001","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.064","article-title":"Autoantibodies against intrinsic factor (IF) measured with an ELISA using recombinant human IF as both catching and detecting reagent","volume":"43","author":"Nexo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997214000548?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997214000548?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T11:04:30Z","timestamp":1565089470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997214000548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4-5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997214000548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis and classification of pernicious anemia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}