{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:05:14Z","timestamp":1750997114303},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,3]],"date-time":"2015-05-03T08:30:43Z","timestamp":1430641843000},"page":"113-123","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Promoting sympathovagal balance in multiple sclerosis; pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zohara","family":"Sternberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.4140\/TCP.n.2014.469","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: a review of the disease and treatment options","volume":"29","author":"Sturm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Consult Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.012","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Milo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000080365.95436.B8","article-title":"Fatigue in MS is related to sympathetic vasomotor dysfunction","volume":"61","author":"Flachenecker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050407","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: correlation with orthostatic intolerance","volume":"246","author":"Flachenecker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850100700509","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis is related to disease activity and progression of disability","volume":"7","author":"Flachenecker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212799958639","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in multiple sclerosis, linking neurodegeneration to a reduced response to therapy","volume":"18","author":"Sternberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.04.004","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction: a unifying multiple sclerosis theory, linking chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, vitamin D(3), and Epstein\u2013Barr virus","volume":"12","author":"Sternberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11587.x","article-title":"Evidence of dysfunctional beta2-adrenoceptor signal system in pre-eclampsia","volume":"107","author":"Aune","year":"2000","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.07.002","article-title":"Targets of the humoral autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Fraussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0050","first-page":"595","article-title":"The sympathetic nerve\u2014an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system","volume":"52","author":"Elenkov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-009-9182-2","article-title":"Increasing CNS noradrenaline reduces EAE severity","volume":"5","author":"Simonini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.03.022","article-title":"Antidepressants inhibit interferon-gamma-induced microglial production of IL-6 and nitric oxide","volume":"206","author":"Hashioka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.06.032","article-title":"Genipin is active via modulating monoaminergic transmission and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat model of depression","volume":"275","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00446.x","article-title":"Measurement of autonomic dysregulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"112","author":"Kodounis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000079046.01763.8F","article-title":"The effect of age and gender on heart rate variability after endurance training","volume":"35","author":"Carter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.222","article-title":"A randomized controlled double-masked trial of albuterol add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Khoury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000158267.66763.63","article-title":"Modafinil elicits sympathomedullary activation","volume":"45","author":"Taneja","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.06.036","article-title":"Association of a deficit of arousal with fatigue in multiple sclerosis: effect of modafinil","volume":"64","author":"Niepel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.2.179","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of modafinil (Provigil) for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a two centre phase 2 study","volume":"72","author":"Rammohan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e31826df7fd","article-title":"Impact of armodafinil on cognition in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind crossover pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Bruce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(98)00065-4","article-title":"Antagonist precipitated clonidine withdrawal in rat: effects on locus coeruleus neurons, sympathetic nerves and cardiovascular parameters","volume":"71","author":"Grubb","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10464","article-title":"Fipamezole (JP-1730) is a potent alpha2 adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces levodopa-induced dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"18","author":"Savola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0115","first-page":"289","article-title":"The neuroprotective effect of antidepressant drug via inhibition of TIEG2-MAO B mediated cell death","volume":"2","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Discov Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.032","article-title":"Longitudinal evidence for unfavorable effects of antidepressants on heart rate variability","volume":"68","author":"Licht","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2006.00189.x","article-title":"l-Dihydroxyphenylserine (l-DOPS): a norepinephrine prodrug","volume":"24","author":"Goldstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drug Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.11.017","article-title":"The noradrenaline transporter as site of action for the anti-Parkinson drug amantadine","volume":"62","author":"Sommerauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132812Y.0000000081","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of aspirin and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, blinded, crossover study","volume":"34","author":"Shaygannejad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7966","article-title":"Amantadine influences cognitive processing in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Sailer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979191","article-title":"Possible use of amantadine in depression","volume":"32","author":"Huber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0150","first-page":"717","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of the antiparkinsonian drugs memantine and amantadine on N-methyl-d-aspartate-evoked acetylcholine release in the rabbit caudate nucleus in vitro","volume":"263","author":"Lupp","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081305.66687.D2","article-title":"Smoking is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Riise","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285611425694","article-title":"Smoking: effects on multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease progression","volume":"5","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b59c40","article-title":"Tobacco smoking, but not Swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Hedstrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/10409239409086798","article-title":"The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: structure and autoimmune pathology","volume":"29","author":"Conti-Tronconi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(95)00034-4","article-title":"Neuronal nicotinic receptors: molecular organization and regulations","volume":"34","author":"Galzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.821","article-title":"Effects of long-term cigarette smoking on the human locus coeruleus","volume":"58","author":"Klimek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.5.1234","article-title":"Decreased beta-adrenergic receptor density and catecholamine response in male cigarette smokers. A study of monozygotic twin pairs discordant for smoking","volume":"78","author":"Laustiola","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319706294555","article-title":"Acute effect of cigarette smoking on heart rate variability","volume":"58","author":"Karakaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90145-6","article-title":"Increases in tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in the locus coeruleus after a single dose of nicotine are followed by time-dependent increases in enzyme activity and noradrenaline release","volume":"56","author":"Mitchell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-7132-9","article-title":"Locally administered low nicotine-induced neurotransmitter changes in areas of cognitive function","volume":"30","author":"Shearman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69248-5_2","article-title":"Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers","volume":"29\u201360","author":"Benowitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512471879","article-title":"Nicotine might have a protective effect in the etiology of multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Hedstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.09.005","article-title":"The mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Aharoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2165\/11591110-000000000-00000","article-title":"The mechanism of action of interferon-beta in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Kieseier","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.58.3.5","article-title":"Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: molecular regulation to clinical use","volume":"58","author":"Bender","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12308","article-title":"Comparative assessment of PDE 4 and 7 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"170","author":"Gonzalez-Garcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.10.054","article-title":"Chronic caffeine treatment attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by guinea pig spinal cord homogenates in Wistar rats","volume":"1309","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1340-2","article-title":"Inhibition of endogenous phosphodiesterase 7 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation and survival","volume":"70","author":"Medina-Rodriguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200013020-00002","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors: potential in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?","volume":"13","author":"Dinter","year":"2000","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509345903","article-title":"Treatment with the phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor rolipram fails to inhibit blood\u2013brain barrier disruption in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Bielekova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/02770909209048938","article-title":"Effect of ibudilast: a novel antiasthmatic agent, on airway hypersensitivity in bronchial asthma","volume":"29","author":"Kawasaki","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0260","first-page":"321","article-title":"A new vasodilator 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (KC-404) has a dual mechanism of action on platelet aggregation","volume":"283","author":"Ohashi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d7d651","article-title":"Ibudilast in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a neuroprotectant?","volume":"74","author":"Barkhof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850000600111","article-title":"Drop in relapse rate of MS by combination therapy of three different phosphodiesterase inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Suzumura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg079","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors reduce human dendritic cell inflammatory cytokine production and Th1-polarizing capacity","volume":"15","author":"Heystek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201303123","article-title":"Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and enhances CNS remyelination","volume":"5","author":"Syed","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.02.011","article-title":"Influence of phosphodiesterases on basal and 5-HT(4) receptor facilitated cholinergic contractility in pig descending colon","volume":"705","author":"Priem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L396","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00125.2013","article-title":"Quercetin acutely relaxes airway smooth muscle and potentiates beta-agonist-induced relaxation via dual phosphodiesterase inhibition of PLCbeta and PDE4","volume":"305","author":"Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1021\/mp060066m","article-title":"A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer's disease pathology","volume":"3","author":"Eubanks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.09.019","article-title":"MicroRNA-132 potentiates cholinergic anti-inflammatory signaling by targeting acetylcholinesterase","volume":"31","author":"Shaked","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnp.0000229946.01494.4c","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in patients with orthostatic intolerance","volume":"23","author":"Singer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318218107a","article-title":"Multicenter randomized clinical trial of donepezil for memory impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Krupp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512463481","article-title":"Randomised multicentre trial on safety and efficacy of rivastigmine in cognitively impaired multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"19","author":"Maurer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511399613","article-title":"Cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity is not decreased in MS patients with cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Virta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-013-2453-6","article-title":"Characterization of cognitive dysfunction in Sjogren's syndrome patients","volume":"33","author":"Epstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.11.001","article-title":"MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in pre-motor Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"20","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2372","article-title":"Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy with reversible cognitive impairment","volume":"69","author":"Gibbons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2011.01730.x","article-title":"Cognitive symptoms are common in immune thrombocytopenia and associate with autonomic symptom burden","volume":"88","author":"Frith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12548","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity, vascular risk factors, and cognitive function in a healthy elderly population: the PROOF cohort","volume":"61","author":"Saint Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01888","article-title":"Reduced heart rate variability is associated with worse cognitive performance in elderly Mexican Americans","volume":"63","author":"Zeki Al Hazzouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-013-0214-x","article-title":"Cognitive function is associated with impaired heart rate variability in ageing adults: the Irish longitudinal study on ageing wave one results","volume":"23","author":"Frewen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01252.x","article-title":"Erythropoietin gene expression in human, monkey and murine brain","volume":"8","author":"Marti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000297","article-title":"Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in human ischemic\/hypoxic brain","volume":"101","author":"Siren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001442","article-title":"Erythropoietin: a candidate compound for neuroprotection in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Ehrenreich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.1.73","article-title":"Increased expression of erythropoietin receptor on blood vessels in the human epileptogenic hippocampus with sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Eid","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2007.10.029","article-title":"Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of human brain disease: focus on cognition","volume":"18","author":"Ehrenreich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-1-4","article-title":"Erythropoietin: a multimodal neuroprotective agent","volume":"1","author":"Byts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90850-M","article-title":"Trophic effect of erythropoietin and other hematopoietic factors on central cholinergic neurons in vitro and in vivo","volume":"609","author":"Konishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0722565.x","article-title":"Effects of erythropoietin on neuronal activity","volume":"72","author":"Koshimura","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03033.x","article-title":"Erythropoietin protects primary hippocampal neurons increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"93","author":"Viviani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01441-5","article-title":"Stimulating effect of erythropoietin on the release of dopamine and acetylcholine from the rat brain slice","volume":"292","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03239-0","article-title":"Erythropoietin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on the CNS in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"952","author":"Agnello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10526","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.19.10526","article-title":"Erythropoietin crosses the blood\u2013brain barrier to protect against experimental brain injury","volume":"97","author":"Brines","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20274","article-title":"Beneficial effect of erythropoietin on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.10.016","article-title":"Delayed administration of erythropoietin and its non-erythropoietic derivatives ameliorates chronic murine autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"172","author":"Savino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1924","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001924","article-title":"Erythropoietin: a potent inducer of peripheral immuno\/inflammatory modulation in autoimmune EAE","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02971.x","article-title":"Comorbidities amongst patients with multiple sclerosis: a population-based controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0440","first-page":"84","article-title":"Erythropoietin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis complicated with anemia","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2013.06.006","article-title":"Anemia of chronic disease","volume":"50","author":"Gangat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506071333","article-title":"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia during interferon-beta-I b treatment for multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Alanoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0455","first-page":"1782","article-title":"Biogenic amines, sympathetic nerves, and renin secretion","volume":"32","author":"Ganong","year":"1973","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0460","series-title":"Neural modulation of immunity","first-page":"111","article-title":"Neuroanatomy of lymphoid tissue","author":"Bulloch","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(91)90258-2","article-title":"Neuropoietic cytokines in the hematopoietic fold","volume":"7","author":"Bazan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(00)00099-0","article-title":"Mechanism of anemia associated with autonomic dysfunction in rats","volume":"82","author":"Obayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108771","article-title":"Modulation of in vitro erythropoiesis. The influence of beta-adrenergic agonists on erythroid colony formation","volume":"60","author":"Brown","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01953262","article-title":"Changes in beta-2 adrenergic receptor sensitivity with maturation of erythroid progenitor cells","volume":"35","author":"Beckman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0485","first-page":"93","article-title":"Effect of beta adrenergic agonists and beta blocking agents on hemopoiesis in human bone marrow","volume":"34","author":"Dresch","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1984.tb03959.x","article-title":"Adrenergic modulation of erythropoiesis: in vitro studies of colony-forming cells in normal and polycythaemic man","volume":"56","author":"Mladenovic","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm203","article-title":"Exploring recombinant human erythropoietin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"130","author":"Ehrenreich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.354","article-title":"Erythropoietin enhances vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine in renal failure","volume":"48","author":"Hand","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000204393","article-title":"Secondary hypoplastic anemia in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy","volume":"90","author":"Asahara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00004","article-title":"The anemia of primary autonomic failure and its reversal with recombinant erythropoietin","volume":"121","author":"Biaggioni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(96)00070-7","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction and anemia in neurologic disorders","volume":"61","author":"Ando","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.905810","article-title":"Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with improved cardiac autonomic function among middle-aged men: a twin study","volume":"3","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.5.651","article-title":"Marine n\u22123 fatty acids, wine intake, and heart rate variability in patients referred for coronary angiography","volume":"103","author":"Christensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2004.09.005","article-title":"Alpha-linolenic acid and heart rate variability in women examined for coronary artery disease","volume":"15","author":"Christensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26849","article-title":"Fruit, vegetable, and fish consumption and heart rate variability: the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.102003143.x","article-title":"Effect of dietary advice and n\u22123 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients","volume":"102","author":"Nordvik","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.283","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in multiple sclerosis (OFAMS Study): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"Torkildsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03103.x","article-title":"Reduced dietary fat intake increases parasympathetic activity in healthy premenopausal women","volume":"26","author":"Pellizzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0555","first-page":"368","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: fat\u2013oil relationship","volume":"7","author":"Swank","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.408","article-title":"Impact of 6-month caloric restriction on autonomic nervous system activity in healthy, overweight, individuals","volume":"18","author":"de Jonge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00825.x","article-title":"Caloric restriction may reverse age-related autonomic decline in humans","volume":"11","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10284150600903552","article-title":"Activity of autonomic nervous system is related to body weight in pre-menopausal, but not in post-menopausal women","volume":"9","author":"Monda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0208133","article-title":"Chronic calorie restriction attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"84","author":"Piccio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0580","first-page":"160","article-title":"Nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Saka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639280","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/639280","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system in the control of energy balance and body weight: personal contributions","volume":"2013","author":"Messina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0590","article-title":"Impairment and disability in persons with MS: do functional performance or functional limitations matter?","volume":"1\u20137","author":"Klaren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.017","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with thalamic, hippocampal, and basal ganglia volumes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Motl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.08.008","article-title":"Combined exercise training reduces IFN-gamma and IL-17 levels in the plasma and the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Golzari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.08.027","article-title":"Effects of 12weeks of supported treadmill training on functional ability and quality of life in progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"92","author":"Pilutti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e411","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000411","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of strength training in individuals with multiple sclerosis or Parkinson disease","volume":"94","author":"Cruickshank","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.09.021","article-title":"Pilot randomized trial of progressive resistance exercise augmented by neuromuscular electrical stimulation for people with multiple sclerosis who use walking aids","volume":"96","author":"Coote","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.5.653","article-title":"Effects of an aquatic fitness program on the muscular strength and endurance of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Gehlsen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2006.03.008","article-title":"Exercise, inflammation, and innate immunity","volume":"24","author":"Woods","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0630","first-page":"533","article-title":"Heart rate variability: effect of exercise intensity on postexercise response","volume":"83","author":"James","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2011005000043","article-title":"Acute effect of resistance exercise intensity in cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise","volume":"96","author":"Lima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0574-9","article-title":"Effect of exercise mode on heart rate variability during steady state exercise","volume":"102","author":"Leicht","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12238","article-title":"Mild-to-moderate intensity exercise improves cardiac autonomic drive in type 2 diabetes","volume":"5","author":"Goit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1556\/APhysiol.2008.0002","article-title":"Treadmill running and swimming imposes distinct cardiovascular physiological adaptations in the rat: focus on serotonergic and sympathetic nervous systems modulation","volume":"95","author":"Baptista S1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Hung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02723-9","article-title":"A 21st century water cure","volume":"356","author":"Mathias","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01025-2","article-title":"Water drinking as a treatment for orthostatic syndromes","volume":"112","author":"Shannon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02048.x","article-title":"Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability during graded head-up tilting in patients with vasodepressor syncope","volume":"22","author":"Prinz-Zaiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527311312010016","article-title":"The prevalence of the classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"12","author":"Sternberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38301.686030.63","article-title":"Ebers GC and Canadian Collaborative Study G. Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: population based study","volume":"330","author":"Willer","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20682","article-title":"Occupational exposure to UV light and mortality from multiple sclerosis","volume":"52","author":"Westberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0685","series-title":"22nd Meeting of the European Neurological Society","article-title":"Vitamin D predicts MS in clinically isolated syndromes","author":"Low","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508094399","article-title":"Association of vitamin D metabolite levels with relapse rate and disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Smolders","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5993","article-title":"Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression","volume":"71","author":"Ascherio","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.105320","article-title":"A longitudinal study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"Soilu-Hanninen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12429","article-title":"Vitamin D, receptor agonists' anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"1317","author":"Vojinovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00496810","article-title":"1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 sites of action in the brain. An autoradiographic study","volume":"87","author":"Stumpf","year":"1987","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315837","article-title":"1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 sites of action in spinal cord and sensory ganglion","volume":"177","author":"Stumpf","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1109","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00010.2013","article-title":"Vitamin D increases plasma renin activity independently of plasma Ca2+ via hypovolemia and beta-adrenergic activity","volume":"305","author":"Atchison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0536-9","article-title":"Expression of cholinergic, insulin, vitamin D receptors and GLUT 3 in the brainstem of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: effect of treatment with vitamin D(3)","volume":"36","author":"Peeyush Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5062114","article-title":"Vitamin D levels are associated with cardiac autonomic activity in healthy humans","volume":"5","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D, deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03080410","article-title":"Frequent hemodialysis Network Daily Trial Group. Determinants of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in ESRD","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513483888","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr virus antibodies and vitamin D in prospective multiple sclerosis biobank samples","volume":"19","author":"Salzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303068","article-title":"Low vitamin D and elevated immunoreactivity against Epstein\u2013Barr virus before first clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Decard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513494494","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation and antibodies against the Epstein\u2013Barr virus in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"19","author":"Disanto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H848","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01024.2013","article-title":"Lower-limb veins are thicker and vascular reactivity is decreased in a rat PCOS model: concomitant vitamin D3 treatment partially prevents these changes","volume":"307","author":"Varbiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0765","first-page":"434","article-title":"Guideline. Diagnosis and treatment of venous malformations. Consensus document of the international union of phlebology (iup): updated-2013","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2008.10.013","article-title":"Cobalamin deficiency: neurological aspects in 27 cases","volume":"165","author":"El Otmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2011.12.002","article-title":"Vitamin B12 supplementation improves heart rate variability in healthy elderly Indian subjects","volume":"168","author":"Sucharita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0780","first-page":"96","article-title":"Electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes in apparently healthy male subjects following oral, chronic, low-dose vitamin C supplementation and\/or change in posture","volume":"18","author":"Jaja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nig Q J Hosp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.035022","article-title":"Effect of acute administration of vitamin C on muscle sympathetic activity, cardiac sympathovagal balance, and baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive patients","volume":"96","author":"Bruno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80260-4","article-title":"Age, race, and sex differences in autonomic cardiac function measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability\u2014the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis risk in communities","volume":"76","author":"Liao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01207.2011","article-title":"Impact of gender on the cardiac autonomic response to angiotensin II in healthy humans","volume":"112","author":"Mann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0800","first-page":"297","article-title":"Comparison of cardiac autonomic functions among postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy, and premenopausal women","volume":"55","author":"Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.03.007","article-title":"Lipoic acid inhibits expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by CNS endothelial cells and T cell migration into the spinal cord in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"175","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.11.021","article-title":"Alpha-lipoic acid is effective in prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"148","author":"Morini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2010000300006","article-title":"Alterations on monoamines concentration in rat hippocampus produced by lipoic acid","volume":"68","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1143oa","article-title":"Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Yadav","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.12.195","article-title":"Lipoic acid stimulates cAMP production in T lymphocytes and NK cells","volume":"354","author":"Schillace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.05.008","article-title":"Lipoic acid stimulates cAMP production via G protein-coupled receptor-dependent and-independent mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Salinthone","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.3.369","article-title":"Effects of treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid on cardiac autonomic neuropathy in NIDDM patients. A 4-month randomized controlled multicenter trial (DEKAN Study). Deutsche Kardiale Autonome Neuropathie","volume":"20","author":"Ziegler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.11.005","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of acetyl l-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"218","author":"Tomassini","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2009.08.004","article-title":"Acylcarnitines: role in brain","volume":"49","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.04.008","article-title":"Chronic acetyl-l-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice","volume":"61","author":"Smeland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0855","first-page":"101","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of l-acetylcarnitine on senile patients suffering from depression","volume":"16","author":"Garzya","year":"1990","journal-title":"Drugs Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-005-0784-z","article-title":"Effects of acetyl-l-carnitine on cardiac dysautonomia in Rett syndrome: prevention of sudden death?","volume":"26","author":"Guideri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0865","first-page":"54","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid stasis and its clinical significance","volume":"15","author":"Whedon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-005-0274-7","article-title":"Abnormal heart rate and blood pressure responses to baroreflex stimulation in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"15","author":"Sanya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0875","first-page":"215","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis: a phase contrast magnetic resonance study","volume":"26","author":"Gorucu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0880","first-page":"988","article-title":"A physical finding related to psychiatric disorders","volume":"60","author":"Woods","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"year":"1983","series-title":"Craniosacral therapy","author":"Upledger JE","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0885"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1583\/11-3440.1","article-title":"Safety profile of endovascular treatment for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Petrov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2012.07.010","article-title":"Clinical improvement after extracranial venoplasty in multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Hubbard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0900","first-page":"55","article-title":"Venous angioplasty in multiple sclerosis: neurological outcome at two years in a cohort of relapsing-remitting patients","volume":"27","author":"Salvi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2011.03.035","article-title":"Venous angioplasty in patients with multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Zamboni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01442.x","article-title":"Autonomic neural regulation of immunity","volume":"257","author":"Czura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4102-3","article-title":"Neural regulators of innate immune responses and inflammation","volume":"61","author":"Pavlov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12175","article-title":"Psychological pain and reduced resting-state heart rate variability in adults with a history of depression","volume":"51","author":"Meerwijk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000089","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and interstitial cystitis: a review of case\u2013control studies","volume":"20","author":"Martinez-Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00118","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and autonomic dysfunction in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Mallien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Proceedings of the 21th European Chapter congress of the international Union of Angiology","author":"AP ACA","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0935"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H457","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00236.2012","article-title":"Limb venous distension evokes sympathetic activation via stimulation of the limb afferents in humans","volume":"303","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513512824","article-title":"Blood pressure normalization post-jugular venous balloon angioplasty","volume":"30","author":"Sternberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513515473","article-title":"Objective duplex ultrasound evaluation of the extracranial circulation in multiple sclerosis patients undergoing venoplasty of internal jugular vein stenoses: a pilot study","volume":"30","author":"Thibault","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2013.01.490","article-title":"Changes of cine cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a case\u2013control study","volume":"24","author":"Zivadinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1583\/13-4605MR.1","article-title":"Transvascular autonomic modulation: a modified balloon angioplasty technique for the treatment of autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"21","author":"Arata","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012_bb0965","article-title":"Neuroendocrine responses to transvascular autonomic modulation, a modified balloon angioplasty in multiple sclerosis patients","author":"Arata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997215001044?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997215001044?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T19:13:41Z","timestamp":1598987621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997215001044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":193,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997215001044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1568-9972"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Promoting sympathovagal balance in multiple sclerosis; pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and surgical strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}