{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:22:44Z","timestamp":1783488164239,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T13:07:52Z","timestamp":1576156072000},"page":"102454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Isolated autoimmune adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency: From a rare disease to the dominant cause of adrenal insufficiency related to check point inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Percik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gadi","family":"Shlomai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Tirosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Tirosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raya","family":"Leibowitz-Amit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Eshet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gahl","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Merlinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Barhod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Steinberg-Silman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Sella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5300","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0143","article-title":"CTLA-4 and PD-1\/PD-L1 blockade: new immunotherapeutic modalities with durable clinical benefit in melanoma patients","volume":"19","author":"Ott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.11.016","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: a comprehensive review","volume":"54","author":"Michot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00448","article-title":"Pembrolizumab-induced thyroiditis: comprehensive clinical review and insights into underlying involved mechanisms","volume":"102","author":"Delivanis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw640","article-title":"Antibody-mediated thyroid dysfunction during T-cell checkpoint blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Osorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol. [Internet]"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T331","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0358","article-title":"Endocrine side effects of cancer immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Cukier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9518-17","article-title":"Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus accompanied by positive conversion of anti-insulin antibody after the administration of anti-CTLA-4 antibody following the discontinuation of anti-PD-1 antibody","volume":"57","author":"Shiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern. Med. [Internet]"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1331","article-title":"Anti-PD1 pembrolizumab can induce exceptional fulminant type 1 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Gaudy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00728","article-title":"Programmed cell Death-1 inhibitor\u2013induced type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"103","author":"Clotman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13063","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hypophysitis and endocrine dysfunction: clinical review","volume":"85","author":"Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4078","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2306","article-title":"Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis: a detailed longitudinal analysis in a large cohort of patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"99","author":"Faje","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70031-7","article-title":"Ipilimumab-induced autoimmune adrenalitis","volume":"1","author":"Min","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabet. Endocrinol. [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00366","article-title":"Immune checkpoint blockade anti-PD-L1 as a trigger for autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Lanzolla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc. [Internet]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0065","series-title":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of endocrine-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","author":"De Filette","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw640","article-title":"Antibody-mediated thyroid dysfunction during T-cell checkpoint blockade in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"28","author":"Osorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70031-7","article-title":"Ipilimumab-induced autoimmune adrenalitis","volume":"1","author":"Min","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0499","article-title":"Endocrine-related adverse events following ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: a comprehensive retrospective review from a single institution","volume":"21","author":"Ryder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0085","article-title":"Hyponatraemia secondary to nivolumab-induced primary adrenal failure","volume":"4","author":"Trainer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabet. Metab. Case Rep. [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0499","article-title":"Endocrine-related adverse events following ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: a comprehensive retrospective review from a single institution","volume":"21","author":"Ryder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e518","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000887","article-title":"Ipilimumab-induced adrenalitis","volume":"40","author":"Bacanovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2902","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency in melanoma patients treated with Nivolumab","volume":"98","author":"Kitano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujimura T, Kambayashi Y, Furudate S, Kakizaki A, Hidaka T, Haga T, et al. Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency possibly caused by nivolumab in a metastatic melanoma patient. J. Dermatol. [Internet]. 2017 Mar [cited 2019 Feb 14];44(3):e13\u20134. Available from: http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1111\/1346-8138.13532","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13532"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0161","article-title":"Nivolumab-induced hypophysitis in a patient with advanced malignant melanoma","volume":"63","author":"Okano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13437","article-title":"Case of hypophysitis caused by nivolumab","volume":"44","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13797","article-title":"Hypopituitarism and hypothyroidism following atrioventricular block during nivolumab treatment","volume":"44","author":"Oda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0125","first-page":"e70","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency associated with nivolumab therapy","volume":"44","author":"Narahira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. [Internet]"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.07.021","article-title":"Nivolumab-Induced acute diabetes mellitus and hypophysitis in a patient with advanced pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma with a prolonged tumor response","volume":"12","author":"Marchand","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3257w","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and severe hypercalcemia after destructive thyroiditis in a patient on Nivolumab therapy with a malignant melanoma","volume":"10","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyx018","article-title":"Isolated ACTH deficiency probably induced by autoimmune-related mechanism evoked with nivolumab","volume":"47","author":"Kitajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrotriya S, Rai MP, Alratroot A, Sarzynski E. Delayed presentation of isolated adrenocorticotropin insufficiency after Nivolumab therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). BMJ Case Rep. [Internet]. 2018 Aug 8 [cited 2019 Feb 14];(bcr-2018-225048). Available from: http:\/\/casereports.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-225048","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225048"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng MF, Chen LL, Ye HY, Gong W, Zhou LN, Li YM, et al. Primary hypothyroidism and isolated ACTH deficiency induced by nivolumab therapy: Case report and review. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2017 Nov [cited 2019 Feb 14];96(44):e8426. Available from: http:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/crossref?an=00005792-201711030-00031","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008426"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0596","article-title":"Hyponatremia can be a powerful predictor of the development of isolated ACTH deficiency associated with nivolumab treatment [letter to the editor]","volume":"64","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8548-16","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency caused by nivolumab in a patient with metastatic lung cancer","volume":"56","author":"Takaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.58","article-title":"Safety profiles of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies alone and in combination","author":"Boutros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347700","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency due to probable lymphocytic hypophysitis in a man","volume":"17","author":"Escobar-Morreale","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest. [Internet]"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330200119034","article-title":"Lymphoid hypophysitis with selective adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency","volume":"140","author":"Richtsmeier","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000050015","article-title":"Antipituitary antibodies in patients with lymphocytic hypophysitis","volume":"55","author":"Takao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.3.0453","article-title":"Anosmia and isolated ACTH deficiency following a road traffic accident. Case report","volume":"73","author":"Scoble","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. [Internet]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.070482","article-title":"A case of post-traumatic isolated ACTH deficiency with spontaneous recovery 9 months after the event","volume":"77","author":"Karavitaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91084-7","article-title":"Primary empty sella, hyperprolactinemia, and isolated ACTH deficiency after postpartum hemorrhage","volume":"74","author":"Stacpoole","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.650663","article-title":"Primary empty sella with isolated ACTH deficiency and microprolactinoma","volume":"28","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.453","article-title":"Complete adrenocorticotropin deficiency after radiation therapy for brain tumor with a normal growth hormone reserve","volume":"41","author":"Sakai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0845","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis, a common adverse event of the anti-CTLA-4 antibody in melanoma","volume":"172","author":"Albarel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0671-4","article-title":"Immunotherapy and hypophysitis: clinical presentation, treatment, and biologic insights","volume":"19","author":"Faje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00006","article-title":"Endocrine toxicity of cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13532","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency possibly caused by nivolumab in a metastatic melanoma patient","volume":"44","author":"Fujimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3257w","article-title":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and severe hypercalcemia after destructive thyroiditis in a patient on nivolumab therapy with a malignant melanoma","volume":"10","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225048","article-title":"Delayed presentation of isolated adrenocorticotropin insufficiency after nivolumab therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)","volume":"2018","author":"Shrotriya","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997219302678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997219302678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:16:42Z","timestamp":1761599802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997219302678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997219302678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Isolated autoimmune adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency: From a rare disease to the dominant cause of adrenal insufficiency related to check point inhibitors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102454","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102454"}}