{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:11:47Z","timestamp":1793362307935,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010981","name":"\u00d6sterreichische Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Neurowissenschaften","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010981","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T21:51:48Z","timestamp":1597269108000},"page":"102647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":304,"title":["The role of TH17 cells in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Moser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Akg\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Undine","family":"Proschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Sellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjalf","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis - a review","volume":"26","author":"Dobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0010","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Encephalomyelitis due to Pasteur treatment. Report of a fatal case with a review of the literature","volume":"43","author":"Fisch","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Indiana State Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.58.1.39","article-title":"Observations on Attempts to Produce Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Monkeys","volume":"58","author":"Rivers","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(89)90039-8","article-title":"Chronic Relapsing Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Sjl Mice Following the Adoptive Transfer of an Epitope-Specific T-Cell Line","volume":"22","author":"Fallis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01355","article-title":"Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain","volume":"421","author":"Cua","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986789","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/986789","article-title":"Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity","volume":"2013","author":"Bedoya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00642","article-title":"B Cells Are Multifunctional Players in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Insights from Therapeutic Interventions","volume":"6","author":"Claes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.011","article-title":"Memory B Cells Activate Brain-Homing, Autoreactive CD4(+) T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"175","author":"Jelcic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1254","article-title":"Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages","volume":"6","author":"Harrington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12075","article-title":"Main features of human T helper 17 cells","volume":"1284","author":"Annunziato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0055","first-page":"5314541","article-title":"Th17 Cells Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"2016","author":"Dos Passos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.03.009","article-title":"Th17 cells in central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"262","author":"Sie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.02.002","article-title":"The role and modulation of CCR6+ Th17 cell populations in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"74","author":"Paulissen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4240","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-183251","article-title":"IL-17-producing human peripheral regulatory T cells retain suppressive function","volume":"113","author":"Beriou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-133967","article-title":"Human CD25highFoxp3pos regulatory T cells differentiate into IL-17-producing cells","volume":"112","author":"Koenen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0080","first-page":"49","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of interleukin-17 induced blood-brain-barrier disruption","volume":"379","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"N-S Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21748","article-title":"Preferential recruitment of interferon-gamma-expressing TH17 cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Kebir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2019.00095","article-title":"Th17 and Cognitive Impairment: Possible Mechanisms of Action","volume":"13","author":"Cipollini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0095","article-title":"Th17 cell-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in neurodegeneration of abeta1-42-induced Alzheimer's disease model rats","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1651","article-title":"Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Kebir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1993","article-title":"Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses","volume":"12","author":"Hirota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1551","article-title":"Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule promotes leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system","volume":"9","author":"Cayrol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy069","article-title":"T helper 17.1 cells associate with multiple sclerosis disease activity: perspectives for early intervention","volume":"141","author":"van Langelaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600737","article-title":"Ex-Th17 (Nonclassical Th1) Cells Are Functionally Distinct from Classical Th1 and Th17 Cells and Are Not Constrained by Regulatory T Cells","volume":"198","author":"Basdeo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415675112","article-title":"Th17 cells give rise to Th1 cells that are required for the pathogenesis of colitis","volume":"112","author":"Harbour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.11.015","article-title":"A role for Th1-like Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders","volume":"105","author":"Kamali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04143.x","article-title":"T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"162","author":"Fletcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1467","article-title":"Surface phenotype and antigenic specificity of human interleukin 17-producing T helper memory cells","volume":"8","author":"Acosta-Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy301","article-title":"Proinflammatory CD20+ T cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"142","author":"von Essen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2014.06.001","article-title":"CD20+inflammatory T-cells are present in blood and brain of multiple sclerosis patients and can be selectively targeted for apoptotic elimination","volume":"3","author":"Holley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5948","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.5948","article-title":"IL-23 promotes maintenance but not commitment to the Th17 lineage","volume":"181","author":"Stritesky","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041257","article-title":"IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation","volume":"201","author":"Langrish","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.035","article-title":"The orphan nuclear receptor RORgammat directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells","volume":"126","author":"Ivanov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215751","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalitis and inflammation in the absence of interleukin-12","volume":"110","author":"Becher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.7104","article-title":"IL-12p35-deficient mice are susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: evidence for redundancy in the IL-12 system in the induction of central nervous system autoimmune demyelination","volume":"169","author":"Gran","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.08.030","article-title":"Oligoclonal myelin-reactive T-cell infiltrates derived from multiple sclerosis lesions are enriched in Th17 cells","volume":"130","author":"Montes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0502-500","article-title":"Gene-microarray analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions yields new targets validated in autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"8","author":"Lock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.070690","article-title":"Interleukin-17 production in central nervous system-infiltrating T cells and glial cells is associated with active disease in multiple sclerosis","volume":"172","author":"Tzartos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.06.010","article-title":"The immunogenetics of multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review","volume":"64","author":"Hollenbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3395","article-title":"Class II HLA interactions modulate genetic risk for multiple sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Moutsianas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2103","article-title":"G. Multiple Sclerosis Genetics, Interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL7R) shows allelic and functional association with multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Gregory","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000322","article-title":"IL2RA genetic heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes susceptibility and soluble interleukin-2 receptor production","volume":"5","author":"Maier","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1349041","article-title":"Gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis: The players involved and the roles they play","volume":"8","author":"Shahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2017.1303016","article-title":"The role of diet in multiple sclerosis: A review","volume":"21","author":"Esposito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0225","article-title":"The balance of Th17 versus Treg cells in autoimmunity","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06881","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links TH17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins","volume":"453","author":"Veldhoen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06880","article-title":"Control of T(reg) and T(H)17 cell differentiation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"453","author":"Quintana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102430","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis, the microbiome, TLR2, and the hygiene hypothesis","volume":"19","author":"Wasko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12726","article-title":"Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation","volume":"504","author":"Arpaia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12721","article-title":"Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells","volume":"504","author":"Furusawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.033","article-title":"Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria","volume":"139","author":"Ivanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.019","article-title":"Combined therapies to treat complex diseases: The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Calvo-Barreiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11984","article-title":"Induction of pathogenic TH17 cells by inducible salt-sensing kinase SGK1","volume":"496","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11868","article-title":"Sodium chloride drives autoimmune disease by the induction of pathogenic TH17 cells","volume":"496","author":"Kleinewietfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.02.009","article-title":"The relevance of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms for vitamin D research in multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Smolders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21652","article-title":"T-helper 17 cells expand in multiple sclerosis and are inhibited by interferon-beta","volume":"65","author":"Durelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2016.1138271","article-title":"Multiparametric flow cytometric analysis of whole blood reveals changes in minor lymphocyte subpopulations of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"49","author":"Teniente-Serra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217319899695","article-title":"Th17 cells increase in RRMS as well as in SPMS, whereas various other phenotypes of Th17 increase in RRMS only","volume":"6","author":"Kalra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2013 Experimental Translational and Clinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.07.014","article-title":"Peripheral blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500206","article-title":"Interleukin-17 mRNA expression in blood and CSF mononuclear cells is augmented in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Matusevicius","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp289","article-title":"Phenotypical and functional characterization of T helper 17 cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"132","author":"Brucklacher-Waldert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401680","article-title":"IL-11 Induces Th17 Cell Responses in Patients with Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"194","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/b4e623eb-4950-48d9-8d85-8d70426d95a3","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis involves follicular T-helper, Th17- and activated B-cells and correlates with progression","volume":"8","author":"Romme Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.05.012","article-title":"Low sensitivity to glucocorticoid inhibition of in vitro Th17-related cytokine production in multiple sclerosis patients is related to elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide levels","volume":"148","author":"Teixeira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.09.003","article-title":"Levels of peripheral Th17 cells and serum Th17-related cytokines in patients with multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02837.x","article-title":"T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 responses to myelin basic protein and disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"125","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13051","article-title":"Immunopathology alters Th17 cell glucocorticoid sensitivity","volume":"72","author":"Banuelos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12334","article-title":"Endogenous interleukin-6 amplifies interleukin-17 production and corticoid-resistance in peripheral T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"143","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9041","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802218105","article-title":"IL-6 blockade inhibits the induction of myelin antigen-specific Th17 cells and Th1 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"105","author":"Serada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01158.x","article-title":"Effect of high-dose methylprednisolone treatment on Th17 cells in patients with multiple sclerosis in relapse","volume":"120","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.04.022","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate reduces Th-17 inflammation and induces regulatory T-cells in the CNS of mice with relapsing-remitting or chronic EAE","volume":"225","author":"Aharoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.07.018","article-title":"Downregulation of IL-17 and IL-6 in the central nervous system by glatiramer acetate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"204","author":"Begum-Haque","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8970","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"105","author":"Duda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7452","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.13.7452","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: comparison of copolymer-1- reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells","volume":"97","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.02.003","article-title":"Glatiramer acetate: mechanisms of action in multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Schrempf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2017.1303843","article-title":"Alterations in serum levels of IL-17 in contrast to TNF-alpha correspond to disease-modifying treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Trenova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.06.006","article-title":"Beta interferon restricts the inflammatory potential of CD4+ cells through the boost of the Th2 phenotype, the inhibition of Th17 response and the prevalence of naturally occurring T regulatory cells","volume":"45","author":"Martin-Saavedra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.06.001","article-title":"New lessons about old molecules: how type I interferons shape Th1\/Th17-mediated autoimmunity in the CNS","volume":"16","author":"Prinz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.007","article-title":"IL-27 mediates the response to IFN-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis patients by inhibiting Th17 cells","volume":"25","author":"Sweeney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.04.020","article-title":"Interferon beta inhibits the Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune response in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.06.179","article-title":"P091 Interferon-beta regulates Th17 and dendritic cell responses in EAE","volume":"59","author":"Pennell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803227","article-title":"IFN-beta inhibits human Th17 cell differentiation","volume":"183","author":"Ramgolam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.8.1692","article-title":"Interferon beta induces T-helper 2 immune deviation in MS","volume":"53","author":"Kozovska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1446944","article-title":"Managing the side effects of multiple sclerosis therapy: pharmacotherapy options for patients","volume":"19","author":"Rommer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0160-8","article-title":"Immunological mechanism of action and clinical profile of disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000340","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate-induced lymphopenia in MS due to differential T-cell subset apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Ghadiri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.07.001","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate treatment in multiple sclerosis: Recent advances in clinical and immunological studies","volume":"17","author":"Montes Diaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201747435","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate-induced IL-17(low) IFN-gamma(low) IL-4(+) Th cells protect mice from severe encephalomyelitis","volume":"48","author":"Bruck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1603907113","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate treatment induces adaptive and innate immune modulation independent of Nrf2","volume":"113","author":"Schulze-Topphoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101451","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate therapy reduces memory T cells and the CNS migration potential in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Holm Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26519-w","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate induces a persistent change in the composition of the innate and adaptive immune system in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"8","author":"Montes Diaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601532","article-title":"Dimethyl Fumarate Selectively Reduces Memory T Cells and Shifts the Balance between Th1\/Th17 and Th2 in Multiple Sclerosis Patients","volume":"198","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0465","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate treatment alters circulating T helper cell subsets in multiple sclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Gross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01097","article-title":"Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Is Characterized by a T Follicular Cell Pro-Inflammatory Shift, Reverted by Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Cunill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00005","article-title":"Emerging Understanding of the Mechanism of Action for Dimethyl Fumarate in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28017","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.383380","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate inhibits dendritic cell maturation via nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1\/2) and mitogen stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) signaling","volume":"287","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.06.016","article-title":"Controlling the pro-inflammatory function of 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan) dendritic cells with dimethylfumarate","volume":"87","author":"Oehrl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13142","article-title":"Optimal response to dimethyl fumarate is mediated by a reduction of Th1-like Th17 cells after 3 months of treatment","volume":"25","author":"Mansilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cns Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12665","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131012665","article-title":"What do effective treatments for multiple sclerosis tell us about the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis?","volume":"13","author":"Buzzard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.113645","article-title":"Teriflunomide suppresses T helper cells and dendritic cells to alleviate experimental autoimmune uveitis","volume":"170","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000403","article-title":"Teriflunomide treatment reduces B cells in patients with MS","volume":"4","author":"Gandoglia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology-Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01071","article-title":"Real-World Lab Data in Natalizumab Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients Up to 6 Years Long-Term Follow Up","volume":"9","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.11.045","article-title":"Recognition of viral and self-antigens by TH1 and TH1\/TH17 central memory cells in patients with multiple sclerosis reveals distinct roles in immune surveillance and relapses","volume":"140","author":"Paroni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516658559","article-title":"Role of IL-17-producing lymphocytes in severity of multiple sclerosis upon natalizumab treatment","volume":"23","author":"Buhler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2016.1168295","article-title":"Disease activity return after natalizumab cessation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Rasenack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.09.012","article-title":"A review of the evidence for a natalizumab exit strategy for patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Sellner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052208","article-title":"Natalizumab exerts direct signaling capacity and supports a pro-inflammatory phenotype in some patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Benkert","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.6.2938","article-title":"Role of the VLA-4 molecule in T cell costimulation. Identification of the tyrosine phosphorylation pattern induced by the ligation of VLA-4","volume":"155","author":"Sato","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.02037.x","article-title":"Induction of systemic TNFalpha in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Khademi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a8266f","article-title":"Natalizumab treatment is associated with peripheral sequestration of proinflammatory T cells","volume":"72","author":"Kivisakk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0555","first-page":"293","article-title":"Pathogenic signature of Th17 cells enhances in course of long-term natalizumab treatment- possible implications for treatment cessation?","volume":"25","author":"Janoschka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1373093","article-title":"Fingolimod hydrochloride for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22426","article-title":"Mechanisms of Fingolimod's Efficacy and Adverse Effects in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2730","article-title":"Defective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) phosphorylation exacerbates TH17-mediated autoimmune neuroinflammation","volume":"14","author":"Garris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13376-2","article-title":"S1P1 deletion differentially affects TH17 and Regulatory T cells","volume":"7","author":"Eken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182143564","article-title":"Differential effects of fingolimod (FTY720) on immune cells in the CSF and blood of patients with MS","volume":"76","author":"Kowarik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-019-01812-x","article-title":"Early central vs. peripheral immunological and neurobiological effects of fingolimod-a longitudinal study","volume":"97","author":"Sehr","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ebdd64","article-title":"Th17 central memory T cells are reduced by FTY720 in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Mehling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.395","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid cells in multiple sclerosis: in search of biomarkers","volume":"71","author":"Alvermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9465-5","article-title":"Fingolimod modulates peripheral effector and regulatory T cells in MS patients","volume":"8","author":"Serpero","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0817-6","article-title":"Fingolimod additionally acts as immunomodulator focused on the innate immune system beyond its prominent effects on lymphocyte recirculation","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000033","article-title":"Accumulation and therapeutic modulation of 6-sulfo LacNAc(+) dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132522","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.132522","article-title":"Siponimod therapy implicates Th17 cells in a preclinical model of subpial cortical injury","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6","article-title":"Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"391","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e134251","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.134251","article-title":"Siponimod enriches regulatory T and B lymphocytes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.03.011","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468","article-title":"Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"376","author":"Montalban","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.05.003","article-title":"Placing CD20-targeted B cell depletion in multiple sclerosis therapeutic scenario: Present and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"D'Amico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30314","article-title":"The anti-CD20 antibody rituximab reduces the Th17 cell response","volume":"63","author":"van de Veerdonk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12771","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-17-producing pathogenic T lymphocytes co-express CD20 and are depleted by rituximab in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"184","author":"Alunno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22081","article-title":"B-cell activation influences T-cell polarization and outcome of anti-CD20 B-cell depletion in central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"68","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0660","first-page":"721696","article-title":"MOG-reactive B cells exacerbate the severity of CD4+ T cell-driven CNS autoimmunity","author":"Doss","year":"2019","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010012","article-title":"Ocrelizumab depletes CD20(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"8","author":"Gingele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400118","article-title":"Rituximab efficiently depletes increased CD20-expressing T cells in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"193","author":"Palanichamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600089","article-title":"Features of Human CD3+CD20+ T Cells","volume":"197","author":"Schuh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2014.999536","article-title":"CD20(+) T cells have a predominantly Tc1 effector memory phenotype and are expanded in the ascites of patients with ovarian cancer","volume":"4","author":"de Bruyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00357-X","article-title":"CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD49d(high) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"111","author":"Barrau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.6.899","article-title":"CC chemokine receptor 2 is critical for induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"192","author":"Fife","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1716","article-title":"C-C chemokine receptor 6-regulated entry of TH-17 cells into the CNS through the choroid plexus is required for the initiation of EAE","volume":"10","author":"Reboldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939975","article-title":"CXCR3 blockade inhibits T-cell migration into the CNS during EAE and prevents development of adoptively transferred, but not actively induced, disease","volume":"40","author":"Sporici","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140540","article-title":"VLA-4 blockade promotes differential routes into human CNS involving PSGL-1 rolling of T cells and MCAM-adhesion of TH17 cells","volume":"211","author":"Schneider-Hohendorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8644","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9644","article-title":"CCR2 defines in vivo development and homing of IL-23-driven GM-CSF-producing Th17 cells","volume":"6","author":"Kara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24415","article-title":"Melanoma cell adhesion molecule-positive CD8 T lymphocytes mediate central nervous system inflammation","volume":"78","author":"Larochelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15382","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.8097","article-title":"CCR5 knockout suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"7","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000292","article-title":"Natalizumab treatment leads to an increase in circulating CXCR3-expressing B cells","volume":"3","author":"Saraste","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111675","article-title":"B cell depletion therapy ameliorates autoimmune disease through ablation of IL-6-producing B cells","volume":"209","author":"Barr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1990.tb01767.x","article-title":"The CAMPATH-1 antigen (CDw52)","volume":"35","author":"Hale","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13208","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 immunomodulator, in multiple sclerosis","volume":"194","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000228","article-title":"Acute effects of alemtuzumab infusion in patients with active relapsing-remitting MS","volume":"3","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0676","article-title":"Interpreting Lymphocyte Reconstitution Data From the Pivotal Phase 3 Trials of Alemtuzumab","volume":"74","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.78.1_MeetingAbstracts.P02.119","article-title":"Alemtuzumab (Anti-CD52 mAb) induces expansion of treg and Th2 cells and inhibits Th1 and Th17 cells in treated patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5867","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301926","article-title":"Differential reconstitution of T cell subsets following immunodepleting treatment with alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"191","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000194","article-title":"Alemtuzumab long-term immunologic effect: Treg suppressor function increases up to 24 months","volume":"3","author":"De Mercanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0770","article-title":"Immunological consequences of \"immune reconstitution therapy\" in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review","volume":"102492","author":"Sellner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01204","article-title":"Alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis: short- and long-term effects of immunodepletion on the peripheral treg compartment","volume":"10","author":"Haas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.86.16_supplement.S2.008","article-title":"Alemtuzumab long term immunological study: the immunosuppressive effect does not last more than 48 months","volume":"86","author":"Durelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b5927","article-title":"Clinical relevance of differential lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab therapy for multiple sclerosis","volume":"80","author":"Cossburn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00056","article-title":"Event-driven immunoprofiling predicts return of disease activity in Alemtuzumab-treated multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Akg\u00fcn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285617722706","article-title":"Alemtuzumab in the long-term treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an update on the clinical trial evidence and data from the real world","volume":"10","author":"Ziemssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.02.018","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of action related to the efficacy and safety of cladribine","volume":"30","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0805","first-page":"41","article-title":"Alemtuzumab and cladribine: a comparison of pharmacodynamics and mechanism of action","volume":"24","author":"Tornatore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.10.001","article-title":"The IL-17 differentiation pathway and its role in transplant outcome","volume":"18","author":"Serody","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-0905-0","article-title":"A Belgian consensus protocol for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Laureys","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0478-0","article-title":"Autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Radaelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23784","article-title":"A. Bar-Or and M.S.B.M.T.S.G. Canadian, Diminished Th17 (not Th1) responses underlie multiple sclerosis disease abrogation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"73","author":"Darlington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00834","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells Regulate Th17 Cells After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Darlington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041679","article-title":"Thymic output generates a new and diverse TCR repertoire after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"201","author":"Muraro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/356063a0","article-title":"Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha 4 beta 1 integrin","volume":"356","author":"Yednock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997220302184?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997220302184?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:21:01Z","timestamp":1761600061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997220302184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":168,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997220302184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of TH17 cells in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102647","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102647"}}