{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:51:28Z","timestamp":1792036288172,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T02:39:07Z","timestamp":1597286347000},"page":"102650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Risk of cancer in multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Ghajarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Sahraian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.742575","article-title":"Validity and reliability of Persian version of modified fatigue impact Scale (MFIS) questionnaire in Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Ghajarzadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03668.x","article-title":"Causes of death in patients with multiple sclerosis and matched referent subjects: a population-based cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Lalmohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509107010","article-title":"Excess mortality and cause of death in a cohort of Norwegian multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"15","author":"Smestad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458502ms811oa","article-title":"Survival of multiple sclerosis in Finland between 1964 and 1993","volume":"8","author":"Sumelahti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.56","article-title":"Underlying cause of death in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis: results from the Danish multiple sclerosis registry","volume":"65","author":"Koch-Henriksen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7370-3","article-title":"Mortality of patients with multiple sclerosis: a cohort study in UK primary care","volume":"261","author":"Jick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102422","article-title":"Aetiology and pathogenesis of paraneoplastic autoimmune disorders","volume":"19","author":"Geng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3691","article-title":"The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression","volume":"14","author":"Feldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0045","first-page":"81","article-title":"Comparison of serum vitamin D level in multiple sclerosis patients, their siblings, and healthy controls","volume":"14","author":"Eskandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian journal of neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/12045","article-title":"The effect of vitamin D supplements on clinical and Para-clinical outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis: protocol for a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Ghajarzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR research protocols"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345366.10455.62","article-title":"Cancer risk among patients with multiple sclerosis and their parents","volume":"72","author":"Bahmanyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188120","article-title":"Decreased prevalence of cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Moisset","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02814.x","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis survival: a population-based study in Sicily","volume":"17","author":"Ragonese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12710","article-title":"All-cause mortality following a cancer diagnosis amongst multiple sclerosis patients: a Swedish population-based cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Roshanisefat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws148","article-title":"Cancer risk in multiple sclerosis: findings from British Columbia","volume":"135","author":"Kingwell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Canada Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507083625","article-title":"Cancer risk and impact of disease-modifying treatments in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Lebrun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514564489","article-title":"A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cancer in multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Marrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.58.2.142","article-title":"Skin cancer in people with multiple sclerosis: a record linkage study","volume":"58","author":"Goldacre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-5929-9","article-title":"Cancer and multiple sclerosis in the era of disease-modifying treatments","volume":"258","author":"Lebrun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00019.x","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and cancer in Norway a retrospective cohort study","volume":"93","author":"Midgard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04941.x","article-title":"Cancer incidence following hospitalization for multiple sclerosis in Denmark","volume":"84","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313623","article-title":"Malignant diseases among patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"216","author":"Palo","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508092263","article-title":"Comorbidity, socioeconomic status and multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Marrie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25524","article-title":"Autoimmune disease and subsequent risk of developing alimentary tract cancers among 4.5 million US male veterans","volume":"117","author":"Landgren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.12.014","article-title":"Autoimmune disease and subsequent urological cancer","volume":"189","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12330","article-title":"Subsequent leukaemia in autoimmune disease patients","volume":"161","author":"Hemminki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh135","article-title":"Familial clustering of Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple sclerosis","volume":"96","author":"Hjalgrim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.1515","article-title":"Racial differences in chronic immune stimulatory conditions and risk of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma in veterans from the United States","volume":"29","author":"Koshiol","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.846402","article-title":"Malignancies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide register study in Finland","volume":"48","author":"Jussila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.08.005","article-title":"Risk of cancer among Finnish multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"35","author":"Hongell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0155","article-title":"Cancer risk and multiple sclerosis: evidence from a large Italian cohort","volume":"10","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1087oa","article-title":"A prospective study of conditions associated with multiple sclerosis in a cohort of 658 consecutive outpatients attending a multiple sclerosis clinic","volume":"10","author":"Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wynn DR, Rodriguez M, O'Fallon WM, Kurland LT. A reappraisal of the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurology. 1990;40(5):780-.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.5.780"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0170","first-page":"313","article-title":"Assessment of malignancy risk in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with intramuscular interferon beta-1a: retrospective evaluation using a health insurance claims database and postmarketing surveillance data","volume":"8","author":"Bloomgren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90099-X","article-title":"Patterns of comorbidity in elderly patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Fleming","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000311013","article-title":"Validation of a self-report comorbidity questionnaire for multiple sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Horton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12267","article-title":"Increased breast cancer risk for patients with multiple sclerosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002745","article-title":"Malignancies after mitoxantrone for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"86","author":"Buttmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511416839","article-title":"No increase in cancer incidence detected after cyclophosphamide in a French cohort of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Le Bouc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101324","article-title":"Natural innate and adaptive immunity to cancer","volume":"29","author":"Vesely","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31405","article-title":"Immune surveillance of tumors","volume":"117","author":"Swann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13184","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion\/ROS increase\/MAPKs activation pathway","volume":"172","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23106","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7145","article-title":"The emerging role of FTY720 (Fingolimod) in cancer treatment","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang O, Zhang W, Zhi Q, Xue X, Liu H, Shen D, et al. Teriflunomide, an immunomodulatory drug, exerts anticancer activity in triple negative breast cancer cells. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, NJ). 2015;240(4):426\u201337.","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214554881"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997220302214?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997220302214?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:18:28Z","timestamp":1761599908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997220302214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997220302214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of cancer in multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102650","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102650"}}