{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:13:14Z","timestamp":1791216794440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T11:30:37Z","timestamp":1600083037000},"page":"102668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Phoenix from the flames: Rediscovering the role of the CD40\u2013CD40L pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Meera","family":"Ramanujam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Steffgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Visvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaim","family":"Putterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00772","article-title":"Innate immune cells\u2019 contribution to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"10","author":"Herrada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000089","article-title":"The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"26","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3378","article-title":"Lupus nephritis: current update","volume":"13","author":"Saxena","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306074469","article-title":"Renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative analysis of different age groups","volume":"16","author":"Mak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev311","article-title":"The frequency and outcome of lupus nephritis: results from an international inception cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Hanly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker101","article-title":"Assessment of a lupus nephritis cohort over a 30-year period","volume":"50","author":"Croca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs073","article-title":"Survival analysis and causes of mortality in patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"27","author":"Yap","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317717082","article-title":"Disease-specific quality of life in patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"27","author":"Jolly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201940","article-title":"Joint European league against rheumatism and European renal association-European Dialysis and transplant association (EULAR\/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis","volume":"71","author":"Bertsias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215089","article-title":"2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex286","article-title":"The British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults","volume":"57","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0060","article-title":"Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis","author":"Tunnicliffe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.002","article-title":"Can we manage lupus nephritis without chronic corticosteroids administration?","volume":"17","author":"Lightstone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)13:6<406::AID-ART11>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Factors associated with refractory renal disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the role of patient nonadherence","volume":"13","author":"Bruce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13469","article-title":"Lupus nephritis: an update on treatments and pathogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Yap","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000368587","article-title":"Biologic therapy in lupus nephritis","volume":"128","author":"Houssiau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.01.001","article-title":"Systematic review, and meta-analysis of steroid-sparing effect, of biologic agents in randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"48","author":"Oon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0090","article-title":"Steroid sparing effect: an essential element in assessing therapeutic efficacy in SLE: response to \u2018Time to change the primary outcome of lupus trials\u2019 by Houssiau","author":"Oon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27233","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: the randomized, double-blind, phase II\/III systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial","volume":"62","author":"Merrill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34359","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the lupus nephritis assessment with rituximab study","volume":"64","author":"Rovin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5152\/eurjrheum.2018.17096","article-title":"Outcomes of rituximab therapy in refractory lupus: a meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Alshaiki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S195113","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab in lupus nephritis","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38037","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab in active proliferative lupus nephritis: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase III study","volume":"65","author":"Mysler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0120","author":"Roche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0125","author":"Furie","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0135","author":"GSK"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S170969","article-title":"Spotlight on anifrolumab and its potential for the treatment of moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence to date","volume":"13","author":"Felten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0386-1","article-title":"Tubular cell and keratinocyte single-cell transcriptomics applied to lupus nephritis reveal type I IFN and fibrosis relevant pathways","volume":"20","author":"Der","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912196","article-title":"Trial of anifrolumab in active systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"382","author":"Morand","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8142368","article-title":"Biologics in the treatment of lupus erythematosus: a critical literature review","volume":"2019","author":"Samotij","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-013-0074-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of biologic therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Borba","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000368581","article-title":"Lupus nephritis: from pathogenesis to targets for biologic treatment","volume":"128","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2017.1366855","article-title":"Lupus nephritis and B-cell targeting therapy","volume":"13","author":"Cassia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.12.005","article-title":"Pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus: recent advances","volume":"16","author":"Crispin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3528","article-title":"Mechanisms of tissue injury in lupus nephritis","volume":"13","author":"Nowling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001983","article-title":"In situ B cell-mediated immune responses and tubulointerstitial inflammation in human lupus nephritis","volume":"186","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.05.012","article-title":"CD40 and autoimmunity: the dark side of a great activator","volume":"21","author":"Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.1.2","article-title":"CD40-CD40 ligand","volume":"67","author":"van Kooten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000776","article-title":"The CD40\/CD154 receptor\/ligand dyad","volume":"58","author":"Schonbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13803","article-title":"T-B-cell entanglement and ICOSL-driven feed-forward regulation of germinal centre reaction","volume":"517","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01793","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.87310","article-title":"B cells from African American lupus patients exhibit an activated phenotype","volume":"1","author":"Menard","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.3.1068","article-title":"Telomerase is up-regulated in human germinal center B cells in vivo and can be re-expressed in memory B cells activated in vitro","volume":"159","author":"Hu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.1","article-title":"Long-lived autoreactive plasma cells drive persistent autoimmune inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Hiepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2002120972","article-title":"CD40 ligand increases complement C3 secretion by proximal tubular epithelial cells","volume":"16","author":"Castellano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00663.x","article-title":"Activation of mesangial cells by platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus via a CD154-dependent induction of CD40","volume":"68","author":"Delmas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400117","article-title":"Immunohistologic analysis of renal CD40 and CD40L expression in lupus nephritis and other glomerulonephritides","volume":"40","author":"Yellin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118643","article-title":"Hyperexpression of CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production","volume":"97","author":"Desai-Mehta","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000029588.07166.20","article-title":"Human platelets stimulate mesangial cells to produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 via the CD40\/CD40 ligand pathway and may amplify glomerular injury","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0255","first-page":"115","article-title":"Correlative insights into immunoexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor beta-1 and CD68+ cells in lupus nephritis","volume":"56","author":"Wagrowska-Danilewicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pol J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/35393","article-title":"CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells","volume":"391","author":"Henn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.07.007","article-title":"Tubulointerstitial damage predicts end stage renal disease in lupus nephritis with preserved to moderately impaired renal function: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Broder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213485","article-title":"Intrarenal activation of adaptive immune effectors is associated with tubular damage and impaired renal function in lupus nephritis","volume":"77","author":"Pamfil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0275","article-title":"Investigating the role of CD40-CD154 interactions in lupus nephritis","author":"Rush","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg255","article-title":"Cytokine balance in kidney tissue from lupus nephritis patients","volume":"42","author":"Uhm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0398-x","article-title":"The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"20","author":"Arazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.7.3104","article-title":"Long-term inhibition of murine lupus by brief simultaneous blockade of the B7\/CD28 and CD40\/gp39 costimulation pathways","volume":"159","author":"Daikh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.3.1740","article-title":"Apoptosis and altered dendritic cell homeostasis in lupus nephritis are limited by anti-CD154 treatment","volume":"167","author":"Kalled","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.5.2158","article-title":"Anti-CD40 ligand antibody treatment of SNF1 mice with established nephritis: preservation of kidney function","volume":"160","author":"Kalled","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.3.1470","article-title":"Interaction between CD40 and its ligand gp39 in the development of murine lupus nephritis","volume":"154","author":"Mohan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900043","article-title":"Treatment with a CD40 antagonist antibody reverses severe proteinuria and loss of saliva production and restores glomerular morphology in murine systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"203","author":"Perper","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11230","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms of action of anti-CD154 in early versus late treatment of murine lupus nephritis","volume":"48","author":"Quezada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065068","article-title":"CD40 gene silencing reduces the progression of experimental lupus nephritis modulating local milieu and systemic mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Ripoll","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21417","article-title":"Prevention and reversal of lupus in NZB\/NZW mice by costimulatory blockade with adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer","volume":"52","author":"Ye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0757-4","article-title":"CDP7657, an anti-CD40L antibody lacking an fc domain, inhibits CD40L-dependent immune responses without thrombotic complications: an in vivo study","volume":"17","author":"Shock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.7.3159","article-title":"Anti-CD40 ligand antibody treatment prevents the development of lupus-like nephritis in a subset of New Zealand black x New Zealand white mice. Response correlates with the absence of an anti-antibody response","volume":"157","author":"Early","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.2046","article-title":"Mechanism of action of combined short-term CTLA4Ig and anti-CD40 ligand in murine systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10929","article-title":"Effects of anti-CD154 treatment on B cells in murine systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10273","article-title":"The effect of anti-CD40 ligand antibody on B cells in human systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319301","article-title":"Abnormal germinal center reactions in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrated by blockade of CD154-CD40 interactions","volume":"112","author":"Grammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10856","article-title":"A short course of BG9588 (anti-CD40 ligand antibody) improves serologic activity and decreases hematuria in patients with proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis","volume":"48","author":"Boumpas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10681","article-title":"Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus by inhibition of T cell costimulation with anti-CD154: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Kalunian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203304lu1032oa","article-title":"Lessons learned from anti-CD40L treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"13","author":"Sidiropoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903888","article-title":"Anti-CD40L immune complexes potently activate platelets in vitro and cause thrombosis in FCGR2A transgenic mice","volume":"185","author":"Robles-Carrillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1278","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple rising doses of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody, in healthy subjects: a potential novel treatment for autoimmune diseases","volume":"58","author":"Schwabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4083","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303239","article-title":"Engineering of a novel anti-CD40L domain antibody for treatment of autoimmune diseases","volume":"192","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315574558","article-title":"First-in-human trial of the safety, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of a PEGylated anti-CD40L antibody fragment (CDP7657) in healthy individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"24","author":"Tocoian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211388","article-title":"Repeated administration of dapirolizumab pegol in a randomised phase I study is well tolerated and accompanied by improvements in several composite measures of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and changes in whole blood transcriptomic profiles","volume":"76","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4177","article-title":"Preclinical characterization of a highly selective and potent antagonistic anti-CD40 mAb","volume":"74","author":"Ralph","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2362-8","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single rising doses of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody in healthy subjects: a potential novel treatment for autoimmune diseases","volume":"74","author":"Albach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0410","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0415","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14872","article-title":"Characterization of the in vitro and in vivo properties of CFZ533, a blocking and non-depleting anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody","volume":"18","author":"Ristov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0425","first-page":"192","article-title":"Nonclinical safety assessment of CFZ533, a Fc-silent anti-CD40 antibody, in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"166","author":"Ulrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13377","article-title":"A novel, blocking, Fc-silent anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody prolongs nonhuman primate renal allograft survival in the absence of B cell depletion","volume":"15","author":"Cordoba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15661","article-title":"First-in-human clinical trial to assess pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of iscalimab, an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody","volume":"20","author":"Espie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0440","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5529","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dapirolizumab pegol (DZP) in patients with moderately to severely active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a randomised, placebo (PBO)-controlled study","volume":"78","author":"Furie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214729","article-title":"Effects of BI 655064, an antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody, on clinical and biomarker variables in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase IIa study","volume":"78","author":"Visvanathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar6584","article-title":"A CD40L-targeting protein reduces autoantibodies and improves disease activity in patients with autoimmunity","author":"Karnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6624","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6624","article-title":"A new population of cells lacking expression of CD27 represents a notable component of the B cell memory compartment in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"178","author":"Wei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182927","article-title":"B-cell phenotype and IgD-CD27- memory B cells are affected by TNF-inhibitors and tocilizumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Moura","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30135-3","article-title":"Assessment of the anti-CD40 antibody iscalimab in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02526.x","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of antagonist anti-human CD40 Mab ch5D12 in patients with moderate to severe Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Kasran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09251.x","article-title":"A phase 1 study of lucatumumab, a fully human anti-CD40 antagonist monoclonal antibody administered intravenously to patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"159","author":"Bensinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12082","article-title":"A phase 1, randomized ascending single-dose study of antagonist anti-human CD40 ASKP1240 in healthy subjects","volume":"13","author":"Goldwater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.307074","article-title":"Platelet CD40 exacerbates atherosclerosis by transcellular activation of endothelial cells and leukocytes","volume":"36","author":"Gerdes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601988","article-title":"CD40L-dependent pathway is active at various stages of rheumatoid arthritis disease progression","volume":"198","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-019-0213-4","article-title":"CD40\/anti-CD40 antibody complexes which illustrate agonist and antagonist structural switches","volume":"20","author":"Argiriadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0505","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-084756","article-title":"The antileukemia activity of a human anti-CD40 antagonist antibody, HCD122, on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells","volume":"112","author":"Luqman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0515","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0520","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz013","article-title":"A novel anti-Cd40 monoclonal antibody, Iscalimab, for control of Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism \u2013 a proof-of-concept trial","volume":"105","author":"Kahaly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-1065-0","article-title":"Therapies directed against B-cells and downstream effectors in generalized autoimmune myasthenia gravis: current status","volume":"79","author":"Beecher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0535","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0540","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0545","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0550","first-page":"1784","article-title":"The novel anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody CFZ533 shows beneficial effects in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a phase IIa double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial","volume":"69","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0555","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0560","author":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0565","first-page":"400","article-title":"CFZ533, a new anti-CD40 mAB demonstrates comparable efficacy and better renal function versus tacrolimus in de-novo CNI-free kidney transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Nashan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0570","first-page":"1245","article-title":"CDP7657, a monovalent Fab\u2019 PEG anti-CD40L antibody, inhibits immune responses in both HuSCID mice and non-human primates","volume":"62","author":"Wakefield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0575","first-page":"1243","article-title":"An assessment of the thromboembolic potential of CDP7657, a monovalent fab\u2019 PEG anti-CD40L antibody, in rhesus macaques","volume":"62","author":"Wakefield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0580","author":"Biogen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22033","article-title":"Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate","volume":"54","author":"Maini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204405","article-title":"Sarilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against IL-6Ralpha in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: efficacy and safety results from the randomised SARIL-RA-MOBILITY part a trial","volume":"73","author":"Huizinga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997220302433?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997220302433?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:18:27Z","timestamp":1761599907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997220302433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997220302433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phoenix from the flames: Rediscovering the role of the CD40\u2013CD40L pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102668","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102668"}}