{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:48:40Z","timestamp":1783424920401,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T23:41:26Z","timestamp":1631230886000},"page":"102946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The immune-neuroendocrine system in COVID-19, advanced age and rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Jara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berenice","family":"L\u00f3pez-Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irvin","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda F.","family":"Galaviz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline I.","family":"Gutierrez-Melgarejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Vera-Lastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Cruz-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10225","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30382-2","article-title":"Obituary","volume":"395","author":"Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Li Wenliang Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0010","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0015","first-page":"157","article-title":"WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic","volume":"91","author":"Cucinotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0020","author":"World Health Organization"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000607","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00607-2020","article-title":"Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective","volume":"55","author":"Mason","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0030","author":"Worldometers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0180-7","article-title":"An interpretable mortality prediction model for COVID-19 patients","volume":"2","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466620937175","article-title":"C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and ferritin in severe coronavirus disease-2019: a meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9959","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103344","article-title":"Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?","volume":"12","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1960","article-title":"Molecular links between endocrine, nervous and immune system during chronic stress","volume":"11","author":"Zefferino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Network of immune-neuroendocrine interactions","volume":"27","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-1-64","article-title":"Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses","volume":"17","author":"Besedovsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2020.03.012","article-title":"COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal","volume":"39","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00020.2020","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: from the bench to the bedside","volume":"100","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103104","article-title":"Persistence of viral RNA, pneumocyte syncytia and thrombosis are hallmarks of advanced COVID-19 pathology","volume":"61","author":"Bussani","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02886-6","article-title":"Pulmonary pathology and COVID-19: lessons from autopsy. The experience of European pulmonary pathologists","volume":"477","author":"Calabrese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"6504","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6027","article-title":"Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"369","author":"Hadjadj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0095","first-page":"02","article-title":"Neuroimmunoendocrine system in health and disease","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e9rez-Aguilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"EC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuroendocrine-immune interactions during viral infections","volume":"56","author":"Pearce","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-020-00728-y","article-title":"Prevalence, psychological responses and sssociated correlates of depression, anxiety and stress in a global population, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"57","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0110","first-page":"109","article-title":"Immune-neuroendocrine interactions and autoimmune diseases","volume":"13","author":"Jara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00429-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress","volume":"53","author":"Tsigos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2005.18.41","article-title":"Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection","volume":"18","author":"Silverman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000180264","article-title":"The impact of infectious diseases upon neuroendocrine circuits","volume":"16","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8854-2","article-title":"Is the immune neuroendocrine system the connection between epipharyngitis and chronic fatigue syndrome induced by HPV vaccine?","volume":"65","author":"Jara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Editorial Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.06.002","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in HIV infection and disease","volume":"43","author":"Chrousos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.14310\/horm.2002.1200","article-title":"Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in HIV infection and disease","volume":"7","author":"Zapanti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00249","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines in the olfactory mucosa result in COVID-19 induced anosmia","volume":"11","author":"Torabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Nerosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489509139388","article-title":"Upregulated local cytokine production in recurrent tonsillitis compared with Tonsillar hypertrophy","volume":"115","author":"\u00c5gren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593179","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.593179","article-title":"The adrenal cortex, an underestimated site of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"11","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.014","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 viral infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"27","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0787","article-title":"Case report: adrenal pathology findings in severe COVID-19: an autopsy study","volume":"103","author":"Freire Santana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1760293","article-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity","volume":"176","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2016.10.016","article-title":"Sex steroids mediate bidirectional interactions between hosts and microbes","volume":"88","author":"Vom Steeg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.10.014","article-title":"The role of androgens in COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Moradi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13168","article-title":"Individual variation of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.200134","article-title":"Male fertility and the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"Khalili","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635255","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.635255","article-title":"Analysis of ovarian injury associated with COVID-19 disease in reproductive-aged women in Wuhan, China: an observational Study","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1087","article-title":"Central regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions","volume":"35","author":"Fekete","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-013-9248-6","article-title":"HIV and thyroid dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Parsa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2020.09.001","article-title":"Thyroid disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection: from pathophysiological mechanism to patient management","volume":"81","author":"Caron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0215","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland: an update","volume":"25","author":"Scappaticcio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0142","article-title":"Two cases of Graves\u2019 disease following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: an autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants","author":"Vera-Lastra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab373","article-title":"Three cases of subacute thyroiditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: post-vaccination ASIA syndrome","author":"\u0130remli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T101","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0213","article-title":"60 years of neuroendocrinology: the hypothalamo-prolactin axis","volume":"226","author":"Grattan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1523","article-title":"Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion","volume":"80","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110208","article-title":"Repurposing prolactin as a promising immunomodulator for the treatment of COVID-19: are common antiemetics the wonder drug to fight coronavirus?","volume":"144","author":"Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2358::AID-ART399>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Characterization of a prolactin gene polymorphism and its associations with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"44","author":"Stevens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2004.10.004","article-title":"The neuroendocrine-immune interactions in systemic lupus erythematosus: a basis for understanding disease pathogenesis and complexity","volume":"31","author":"Szyper-Kravitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01080-w","article-title":"Pituitary apoplexy associated with acute COVID-19 infection and pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuroinvasion, neurotropic, and neuroinflammatory events of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients","volume":"28","author":"Yachou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","article-title":"Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Meinhardt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592888","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.592888","article-title":"Progress in research on SARS-Cov-2 infection causing neurological diseases and its infection mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112360","article-title":"COVID-19-associated neurological disorders: the potential route of CNS invasion and blood-brain barrier relevance","volume":"9","author":"Achar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000513","article-title":"Inflammasomes and pyroptosis as therapeutic targets for COVID-19","volume":"205","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.05.193","article-title":"COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2 infection: pathophysiology and clinical effects on the nervous system","volume":"140","author":"Abboud","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study","volume":"277","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.07.013","article-title":"The stimulation of thrombosis by hypoxia","volume":"181","author":"Neha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04486-3","article-title":"The neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review article","volume":"41","author":"Niazkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.06.053","article-title":"Fulminant cerebral edema as a lethal manifestation of COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Van den Enden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc2004976","article-title":"Case 26-2020: a 60-year-old woman with altered mental status and weakness on the left side","volume":"383","author":"Singhal","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030498","article-title":"COVID-19 and neurological impairment: hypothalamic circuits and beyond","volume":"13","author":"Mussa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02325-1","article-title":"COVID-19, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical implications","volume":"68","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0433hyp","article-title":"Integrated evolutionary, immunological, and neuroendocrine framework for the pathogenesis of chronic disabling inflammatory diseases","volume":"17","author":"Straub","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0758-9","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis","volume":"25","author":"Steenblock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1159\/000350536","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of age-associated impaired innate interferon secretion by dendritic cells: a mini-review","volume":"59","author":"Agrawal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01631-y","article-title":"COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making","volume":"32","author":"Perrotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01170","article-title":"Psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interactions in COVID-19: potential impacts on mental health","volume":"11","author":"Raony","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00196","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis, immunopathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategy against COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-020-01372-8","article-title":"The possible pathophysiology mechanism of cytokine storm in elderly adults with COVID 19 infection: the contribution of \u201cinflame aging\u201d","volume":"69","author":"Meftahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562142","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.562142","article-title":"Rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases and COVID-19 A review of the first 6 months of the pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Stradner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0365","article-title":"Impacts of fatigue, stress, and perceived health status on women with rheumatic diseases: a comparison study","volume":"28","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0503-4","article-title":"Sex steroids and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: state of the art","volume":"16","author":"Cutolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000636","article-title":"Impact of infections in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"Jara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000776","article-title":"COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6515","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Bastard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 98","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0390","first-page":"21","article-title":"The importance of the type I interferon system in autoimmunity","volume":"34","author":"R\u00f6nnblom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.5604\/17322693.1079893","article-title":"Prolactin as an immunomodulatory factor in psoriatic arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Kokot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009567","article-title":"Covid-19 in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases - case series from New York","volume":"383","author":"Haberman","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589474","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.589474","article-title":"COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: focus on immune response and therapeutics","volume":"11","author":"Spihlman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04794-7","article-title":"Can the SARS-CoV-2 infection trigger systemic lupus erythematosus? A case-based review","volume":"41","author":"Gracia-Ramos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0415","first-page":"1","article-title":"Steroids in COVID-19: an overview","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.03.004","article-title":"Testosterone\u2019s role in COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Auerbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G33","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0445","article-title":"Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism","volume":"183","author":"Boelaert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997221002214?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997221002214?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:22:43Z","timestamp":1761600163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997221002214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997221002214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The immune-neuroendocrine system in COVID-19, advanced age and rheumatic diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102946","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102946"}}