{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:35:24Z","timestamp":1788222924273,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T17:11:54Z","timestamp":1654794714000},"page":"103132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Autophagy in lupus nephritis: A delicate balance between regulation and disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Manuel Alfredo","family":"Podest\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Faravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ponticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.08.004","article-title":"Immunogenetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comprehensive review","volume":"64","author":"Ghodke-Puranik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203306071705","article-title":"Ultraviolet light and cutaneous lupus","volume":"15","author":"Bijl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/370516","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2012","author":"Draborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308098186","article-title":"Exposure to maternal smoking and incident SLE in a prospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Simard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200201)46:1<191::AID-ART10027>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Baumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11237","article-title":"Increased apoptotic neutrophils and macrophages and impaired macrophage phagocytic clearance of apoptotic neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"48","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.02.005","article-title":"Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"28","author":"Gaipl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909927107","article-title":"Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis","volume":"107","author":"Hakkim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/91070","article-title":"Mutation of DNASE1 in people with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"28","author":"Yasutomo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0050","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in the autoimmunity context","volume":"8","author":"Bruschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064890","article-title":"Induction of dendritic cell differentiation by IFN-alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"294","author":"Blanco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.113.089821","article-title":"Novel small molecule inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9: mechanism of action and efficacy in vivo","volume":"85","author":"Lamphier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0141-9","article-title":"Lupus nephritis","volume":"6","author":"Anders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1599207","article-title":"Autophagy: process and function","volume":"21","author":"Mizushima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170057","article-title":"Molecular control of chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"61","author":"Catarino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Essays Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0001-6","article-title":"The coming of age of chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"19","author":"Kaushik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06159-11","article-title":"Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1\/2 in the regulation of autophagy: cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks","volume":"32","author":"Alers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0602-4_4","article-title":"AMPK and autophagy","volume":"1206","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12297","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900573200","article-title":"ULK1.ATG13.FIP200 complex mediates mTOR signaling and is essential for autophagy","volume":"284","author":"Ganley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-12-1250","article-title":"An Atg1\/Atg13 complex with multiple roles in TOR-mediated autophagy regulation","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2152","article-title":"AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2708","article-title":"mTOR inhibits autophagy by controlling ULK1 ubiquitylation, self-association and function through AMBRA1 and TRAF6","volume":"15","author":"Nazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00192","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of mTOR and autophagy during development and aging","volume":"7","author":"Schmeisser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.2387","article-title":"Inositol and IP3 levels regulate autophagy: biology and therapeutic speculations","volume":"2","author":"Sarkar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.13-035.Ristow","article-title":"Mitohormesis: promoting health and lifespan by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)","volume":"12","author":"Ristow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2757","article-title":"ULK1 induces autophagy by phosphorylating Beclin-1 and activating VPS34 lipid kinase","volume":"15","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5360","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e08-01-0080","article-title":"Beclin 1 forms two distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes with mammalian Atg14 and UVRAG","volume":"19","author":"Itakura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3249","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical autophagy: variations on a common theme of self-eating?","volume":"13","author":"Codogno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/35052055","article-title":"Rab proteins as membrane organizers","volume":"2","author":"Zerial","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.11.006","article-title":"PLEKHM1 regulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion through HOPS complex and LC3\/GABARAP proteins","volume":"57","author":"McEwan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2245","article-title":"Autophagy: from phenomenology to molecular understanding in less than a decade","volume":"8","author":"Klionsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17950","article-title":"Noncanonical autophagy inhibits the autoinflammatory, lupus-like response to dying cells","volume":"533","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3192","article-title":"Molecular characterization of LC3-associated phagocytosis reveals distinct roles for Rubicon, NOX2 and autophagy proteins","volume":"17","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113421108","article-title":"Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3)-associated phagocytosis is required for the efficient clearance of dead cells","volume":"108","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2708","article-title":"Dynamics and diversity in autophagy mechanisms: lessons from yeast","volume":"10","author":"Nakatogawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201847679","article-title":"Autophagy and immunological aberrations in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"49","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0606-2_6","article-title":"The interplay between pattern recognition receptors and autophagy in inflammation","volume":"1209","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318776108","article-title":"Evaluation of ATG5 polymorphisms in Italian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: contribution to disease susceptibility and clinical phenotypes","volume":"27","author":"Ciccacci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-194175","article-title":"Role of autophagy in immunity and autoimmunity, with a special focus on systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"Pierdominici","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7922","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501190102","article-title":"Autophagy promotes MHC class II presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins","volume":"102","author":"Dengjel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.08.022","article-title":"Autophagy and cytokines","volume":"56","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.09.014","article-title":"Noncanonical autophagy is required for type I interferon secretion in response to DNA-immune complexes","volume":"37","author":"Henault","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601307","article-title":"Autophagy in dendritic cells and B cells is critical for the inflammatory state of TLR7-mediated autoimmunity","volume":"198","author":"Weindel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2215","article-title":"Activation of autophagy by inflammatory signals limits IL-1\u03b2 production by targeting ubiquitinated inflammasomes for destruction","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.244","article-title":"Notch-Hes-1 axis controls TLR7-mediated autophagic death of macrophage via induction of P62 in mice with lupus","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0230","first-page":"705","article-title":"Blockade of macrophage autophagy ameliorates activated lymphocytes-derived DNA induced murine lupus possibly via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.019","article-title":"Autophagy is required for neutrophil-mediated inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204343","article-title":"Autophagy is activated in systemic lupus erythematosus and required for plasmablast development","volume":"74","author":"Clarke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1052206","article-title":"B cell autophagy mediates TLR7-dependent autoimmunity and inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Weindel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.23484","article-title":"ATG5 regulates plasma cell differentiation","volume":"9","author":"Conway","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2524","article-title":"Plasma cells require autophagy for sustainable immunoglobulin production","volume":"14","author":"Pengo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2161","article-title":"Unveiling the roles of autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"7","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-206060","article-title":"T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are resistant to induction of autophagy","volume":"26","author":"Alessandri","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.20275","article-title":"Macroautophagy is deregulated in murine and human lupus T lymphocytes","volume":"8","author":"Gros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0275","series-title":"Blockade of Treg Cell Differentiation and Function by the Interleukin-21\u2013Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Axis Via Suppression of Autophagy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","first-page":"427","author":"Kato","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.7.14733","article-title":"Microautophagy in mammalian cells: revisiting a 40-year-old conundrum","volume":"7","author":"Mijaljica","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00252","article-title":"Manipulating Autophagic processes in autoimmune diseases: a special focus on modulating chaperone-mediated autophagy, an emerging therapeutic target","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01512","article-title":"The therapeutic and pathogenic role of autophagy in autoimmune diseases","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9587","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.202911","article-title":"Autophagy controls IL-1beta secretion by targeting pro-IL-1beta for degradation","volume":"286","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2016.03.005","article-title":"Autophagy and tubular cell death in the kidney","volume":"36","author":"Havasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1190071","article-title":"Atg5-mediated autophagy deficiency in proximal tubules promotes cell cycle G2\/M arrest and renal fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1166317","article-title":"Persistent activation of autophagy in kidney tubular cells promotes renal interstitial fibrosis during unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"12","author":"Livingston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013101068","article-title":"Autophagy regulates TGF-\u03b2 expression and suppresses kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.090","article-title":"Autophagy in FOXD1 stroma-derived cells regulates renal fibrosis through TGF-\u03b2 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","volume":"508","author":"Nam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.09.030","article-title":"In vivo evidence for therapeutic applications of beclin 1 to promote recovery and inhibit fibrosis after acute kidney injury","volume":"101","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0309-2","article-title":"Autophagy in kidney homeostasis and disease","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_28","article-title":"Cell apoptosis and autophagy in renal fibrosis","volume":"1165","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39492","article-title":"Autophagy influences glomerular disease susceptibility and maintains podocyte homeostasis in aging mice","volume":"120","author":"Hartleben","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F74","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00114.2017","article-title":"Autophagy is activated to protect against podocyte injury in adriamycin-induced nephropathy","volume":"313","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1049799","article-title":"Endothelial cell and podocyte autophagy synergistically protect from diabetes-induced glomerulosclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Lenoir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011070690","article-title":"Inhibition of MTOR disrupts autophagic flux in podocytes","volume":"23","author":"Cin\u00e0","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011020200","article-title":"Prorenin receptor is essential for podocyte autophagy and survival","volume":"22","author":"Riediger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213028","article-title":"Increased autophagy is cytoprotective against podocyte injury induced by antibody and interferon-\u03b1 in lupus nephritis","volume":"77","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1580512","article-title":"Podocytes and autophagy: a potential therapeutic target in lupus nephritis","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12649","article-title":"Autophagy in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"43","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0380","article-title":"Autophagy at the interface of endothelial cell homeostasis and vascular disease","author":"Mameli","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1391428","article-title":"Antioxidant role of autophagy in maintaining the integrity of glomerular capillaries","volume":"14","author":"Matsuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142317","article-title":"Lysosomal acidification mechanisms","volume":"74","author":"Mindell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0395","first-page":"23","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine inhibit multiple sites in metabolic pathways leading to neutrophil superoxide release","volume":"15","author":"Hurst","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20792","article-title":"Lysosomal sequestration of amine-containing drugs: analysis and therapeutic implications","volume":"96","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204592","article-title":"TFEB links autophagy to lysosomal biogenesis","volume":"332","author":"Settembre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3222","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3227","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine inhibits autophagy to potentiate antiestrogen responsiveness in ER+ breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2018.1474314","article-title":"Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion","volume":"14","author":"Mauthe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0372-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology","volume":"16","author":"Schrezenmeier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012476","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond","volume":"12","author":"Nirk","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-010-0141-y","article-title":"Use of hydroxychloroquine to prevent thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients","volume":"13","author":"Petri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2017.1269168","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)","volume":"16","author":"Ponticelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.150","article-title":"The role of antimalarial agents in the treatment of SLE and lupus nephritis","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203307086503","article-title":"Previous antimalarial therapy in patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis: influence on outcomes and survival","volume":"17","author":"Sis\u00f3","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx318","article-title":"Hydroxycloroquine blood concentration in lupus nephritis: a determinant of disease outcome?","volume":"33","author":"Cunha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320912832","article-title":"Understanding the dynamics of hydroxychloroquine blood levels in lupus nephritis","volume":"29","author":"Pedrosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24538","article-title":"Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine on renal damage in patients with lupus nephritis: data from LUMINA, a multiethnic U.S","volume":"61","author":"Pons-Estel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cohort Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215089","article-title":"2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"78","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.015","article-title":"Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases","volume":"100","author":"Rovin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.872562","article-title":"The pros and the cons of mTOR inhibitors in kidney transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Ponticelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0480","first-page":"245","article-title":"Transcriptomics analysis of sirolimus treatment in lupus nephritis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30485-9","article-title":"Sirolimus in patients with clinically active systemic lupus erythematosus resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional medications: a single-arm, open-label, phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"391","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X20953336","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of sirolimus in systemic lupus erythematosus: a real-world study and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F693","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2001.281.4.F693","article-title":"Rapamycin impairs recovery from acute renal failure: role of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis of tubular cells","volume":"281","author":"Lieberthal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.01195.x","article-title":"Sirolimus-associated heavy proteinuria in a renal transplant recipient: evidence for a tubular mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Straathof-Galema","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2003.00051.x","article-title":"Thrombotic micro-angiopathy with sirolimus-based immunosuppression: potentiation of calcineurin-inhibitor-induced endothelial damage?","volume":"3","author":"Robson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.015","article-title":"Metformin enhances autophagy and normalizes mitochondrial function to alleviate aging-associated inflammation","volume":"32","author":"Bharath","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2020-000429","article-title":"Effects of metformin on disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: post hoc analyses from two randomised trials","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0520","first-page":"325","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor, and macroautophagy in inflammation and infection","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1803-9","article-title":"Vitamin D protects podocytes from autoantibodies induced injury in lupus nephritis by reducing aberrant autophagy","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0530","first-page":"43","article-title":"Severe vitamin D deficiency affects the expression of autophagy related genes in PBMCs and T-cell subsets in active systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2103","article-title":"Vitamin D protects human endothelial cells from oxidative stress through the autophagic and survival pathways","volume":"99","author":"Uberti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997222001021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997222001021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:27:28Z","timestamp":1761600448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997222001021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997222001021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Autophagy in lupus nephritis: A delicate balance between regulation and disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103132","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103132"}}