{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T21:43:08Z","timestamp":1786398188655,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000323","name":"Pain Relief Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T23:38:21Z","timestamp":1666395501000},"page":"103218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The biology of symptom-based disorders \u2013 time to act"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Goebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Shoenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28905-5","article-title":"Autoantibodies targeting GPCRs and RAS-related molecules associate with COVID-19 severity","volume":"13","author":"Cabral-Marques","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0010","series-title":"Autoantibodies linked to autoimmune diseases associate with COVID-19 outcomes. medrxiv (pre-print)","author":"Baiocchi","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017977","article-title":"Developing case definitions for symptom-based conditions: the problem of specificity","volume":"20","author":"Hyams","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4","volume":"386","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12852","article-title":"Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: clinical presentation, aetiology and management","volume":"285","author":"Fedorowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32115-2","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders: advances in understanding and management","volume":"396","author":"Black","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.08.003","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of small fiber pathology in fibromyalgia: Implications for a new paradigm in fibromyalgia etiopathogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Grayston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.001","article-title":"Objective evidence that small-fiber polyneuropathy underlies some illnesses currently labeled as fibromyalgia","volume":"154","author":"Oaklander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt053","article-title":"Small fibre pathology in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Uceyler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-828","article-title":"Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"113","author":"Drossman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0055","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, and depression in women with silicone breast implants: association with autoantibodies against autonomic nervous system receptors","author":"Tocut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0060","article-title":"Dysregulation of G protein-coupled receptors of the autonomic nervous system, adrenergic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, in patients with autoimmune dysautonomic-related disorders","volume":"4","author":"Halpert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0065","first-page":"357","article-title":"Silicone breast illness as a classical example of autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvant (ASIA)","volume":"24","author":"Halpert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108384","article-title":"Complex syndromes of chronic pain, fatigue and cognitive impairment linked to autoimmune dysautonomia and small fiber neuropathy","volume":"214","author":"Shoenfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2022.02.004","article-title":"Postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection","volume":"36","author":"Hope","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.11.020","article-title":"Post-COVID syndrome: the aftershock of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"114","author":"Dotan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI144201","article-title":"Passive transfer of fibromyalgia symptoms from patients to mice","volume":"131","author":"Goebel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103015","article-title":"The autoimmune aetiology of unexplained chronic pain","volume":"21","author":"Goebel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0095","first-page":"463","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin response and evidence for pathogenic antibodies in a case of complex regional pain syndrome 1","volume":"57","author":"Goebel","year":"2005","journal-title":"AnnNeurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.10.011","article-title":"A CRPS-IgG-transfer-trauma model reproducing inflammatory and positive sensory signs associated with complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"155","author":"Tekus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001662","article-title":"Autoantibodies produce pain in complex regional pain syndrome by sensitizing nociceptors","volume":"160","author":"Cuhadar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1820168116","article-title":"Transfer of complex regional pain syndrome to mice via human autoantibodies is mediated by interleukin-1-induced mechanisms","volume":"116","author":"Helyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0115","first-page":"426","article-title":"Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited)","volume":"14","author":"Rose","year":"1993","journal-title":"ImmunolToday"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01148-4","article-title":"Chronic post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome: Is there a role for extracorporeal apheresis?","volume":"27","author":"Bornstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1159\/000502889","article-title":"Human papillomavirus epitope mimicry and autoimmunity: the molecular truth of peptide sharing","volume":"86","author":"Kanduc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-020-09152-6","article-title":"Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and mammalian proteomes: implications for the vaccine","volume":"68","author":"Kanduc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.12.011","article-title":"A systematic review of precipitating physical and psychological traumatic events in the development of fibromyalgia","volume":"48","author":"Yavne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378102600112","article-title":"Briquet's concept of hysteria: an historical perspective","volume":"26","author":"Mai","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0145","first-page":"517","article-title":"Hyperstimulation of adaptive immunity as the common pathway for silicone breast implants, autoimmunity, and lymphoma of the breast","volume":"21","author":"Watad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.11.009","article-title":"COVID-19 as an infectome paradigm of autoimmunity","volume":"149","author":"Dotan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-016-8817-7","article-title":"HLA-DRB1 the notorious gene in the mosaic of autoimmunity","volume":"65","author":"Arango","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Res"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997222001884?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997222001884?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:26:45Z","timestamp":1761600405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997222001884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997222001884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The biology of symptom-based disorders \u2013 time to act","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103218","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103218"}}