{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T05:12:23Z","timestamp":1794287543646,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:47:07Z","timestamp":1729817227000},"page":"103674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Global burden due to modifiable risk factors for autoimmune diseases, 1990\u20132021: Temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shi-Yang","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun-Xian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Zhen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Feng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2017.1336539","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha: a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases","volume":"21","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0453-9","article-title":"Interleukin-35: a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases","volume":"40","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3416","article-title":"Health disparities, inequities, and social determinants of health in multiple sclerosis and related disorders in the US: a review","volume":"78","author":"Amezcua","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease","volume":"19","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103236","article-title":"Autoimmune pre-disease","volume":"22","author":"Bieber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8","volume":"403","author":"G.B.D. Diseases and C. Injuries","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00933-4","article-title":"Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Vos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30977-6","article-title":"Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950\u20132019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.032","article-title":"Changing incidence patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma among age groups in Taiwan","volume":"63","author":"Hung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217050","article-title":"Incidence trend of five common musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional and national level: results from the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"79","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008953201688","article-title":"Partitioning linear trends in age-adjusted rates","volume":"11","author":"Hankey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102042","article-title":"Estimating global and regional between-country inequality in routine childhood vaccine coverage in 195 countries and territories from 2019 to 2021: a longitudinal study","volume":"60","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0070","series-title":"Handbook on health inequality monitoring: With a special focus on low-and middle-income countries","author":"W.H. Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7","article-title":"Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"397","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103361","article-title":"Global burden and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among adolescents and young adults in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019","volume":"22","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0023-8","article-title":"Low mean temperature rather than few sunshine hours are associated with an increased incidence of type 1 diabetes in children","volume":"31","author":"Waernbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-2013-4","article-title":"HbA(1c) levels in schoolchildren with type 1 diabetes are seasonally variable and dependent on weather conditions","volume":"54","author":"Mianowska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003198","article-title":"The global burden of disease attributable to high body mass index in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: an analysis of the global burden of disease study","volume":"17","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.011","article-title":"Obesity and asthma","volume":"146","author":"Miethe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30750-9","article-title":"Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0644-7","article-title":"Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"25","author":"Miranda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13101039","article-title":"Tobacco control progress in low and middle income countries in comparison to high income countries","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-106008","article-title":"Global and regional burden of disease and injury in 2016 arising from occupational exposures: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"77","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"402","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01700-1","article-title":"Estimating the cause-specific relative risks of non-optimal temperature on daily mortality: a two-part modelling approach applied to the global burden of disease study","volume":"398","author":"Burkart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30819-X","article-title":"Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"389","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15807","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of allergic disorders and their risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"78","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00650-3","article-title":"Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147540","article-title":"Ambient high temperature exposure and global disease burden during 1990-2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"787","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215920","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990-2017: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"78","author":"Safiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30443-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30293-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"5","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00476-8","volume":"403","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997224001654?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997224001654?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T03:13:25Z","timestamp":1732677205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997224001654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997224001654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global burden due to modifiable risk factors for autoimmune diseases, 1990\u20132021: Temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103674","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103674"}}