{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:24:42Z","timestamp":1793701482939,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T19:36:10Z","timestamp":1752608170000},"page":"103875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Myasthenia gravis with antibodies against the AChR, current knowledge on pathophysiology and an update on treatment strategies with special focus on targeting plasma cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Man\u00e9-Damas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Sch\u00f6ttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Marcuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.C.","family":"Molenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mohile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.G.J.","family":"Hoeijmakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hochstenbag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Damoiseaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.G.","family":"Maessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Abdul-Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"zur Hausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.H.","family":"de Baets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Losen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Martinez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4158","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1126\/science.186.4158.55","article-title":"Serum globulin in myasthenia gravis: inhibition of alpha-bungarotoxin binding to acetylcholine receptors","volume":"186","author":"Almon","year":"1974","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7907","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91886-3","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: a serum factor blocking acetylcholine receptors of the human neuromuscular junction","volume":"1","author":"Bender","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.11.1054","article-title":"Antibody to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. Prevalence, clinical correlates, and diagnostic value","volume":"26","author":"Lindstrom","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn092","article-title":"IgG1 antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in \u2018seronegative\u2019 myasthenia gravis","volume":"131","author":"Leite","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200038","article-title":"Comparison of fixed and live cell-based assay for the detection of AChR and MuSK antibodies in myasthenia gravis","volume":"10","author":"Spagni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0203","article-title":"Clinical features and diagnostic usefulness of antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptors in the diagnosis of seronegative myasthenia gravis","volume":"72","author":"Rodr\u00edguez Cruz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2022.577850","article-title":"The clinical need for clustered AChR cell-based assay testing of seronegative MG","volume":"367","author":"Masi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10193","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10193","article-title":"Clinical application of clustered-AChR for the detection of SNMG","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/85520","article-title":"Auto-antibodies to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK in patients with myasthenia gravis without acetylcholine receptor antibodies","volume":"7","author":"Hoch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6194-7","article-title":"Anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in AChR- and MuSK-antibody-negative myasthenia gravis","volume":"259","author":"Pevzner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2393","article-title":"Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103104","article-title":"Novel treatment strategies for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and related disorders","volume":"21","author":"Man\u00e9-Damas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis with antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4","volume":"12","author":"Verschuuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070671","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: pathogenic effects of autoantibodies on neuromuscular architecture","volume":"8","author":"Koneczny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.007","article-title":"The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes","volume":"12","author":"Marx","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489","article-title":"Randomized trial of Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"375","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124","article-title":"International consensus guidance for management of Myasthenia Gravis: 2020 update","volume":"96","author":"Narayanaswami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.4.577","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptor antibody production by bone marrow cells in a patient with myasthenia gravis","volume":"35","author":"Fujii","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686466","article-title":"Short- and long-lived autoantibody-secreting cells in autoimmune neurological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Zografou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15238","article-title":"The association between anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody level and clinical improvement in myasthenia gravis","volume":"29","author":"Marcuse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"4961","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1972592","article-title":"The role of the T cell receptor in positive and negative selection of developing T cells","volume":"248","author":"Blackman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6261","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/344065a0","article-title":"Role of self-peptides in positively selecting the T-cell repertoire","volume":"344","author":"Nikoli\u0107-Zugi\u0107","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2669","article-title":"Antigen presentation in the thymus for positive selection and central tolerance induction","volume":"9","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"6501","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/372100a0","article-title":"T-cell apoptosis detected in situ during positive and negative selection in the thymus","volume":"372","author":"Surh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.013","article-title":"Fezf2 orchestrates a Thymic program of self-antigen expression for immune tolerance","volume":"163","author":"Takaba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2450","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation by AIRE: molecular mechanisms of central tolerance","volume":"8","author":"Peterson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-021-00842-3","article-title":"Thymus and autoimmunity","volume":"43","author":"Marx","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2010.07.008","article-title":"Regulatory T cell defect in APECED patients is associated with loss of naive FOXP3+ precursors and impaired activated population","volume":"35","author":"Laakso","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-0173-8","article-title":"Contributions of age-related Thymic involution to Immunosenescence and Inflammaging","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity Age"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0150","first-page":"2","article-title":"The pathology of the thymus in myasthenia gravis","author":"Marx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediastinum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2021.06.003","article-title":"The thymus: general concepts on embryology, anatomy, histology and immunohistochemistry","volume":"39","author":"Perez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2018.10.003","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cells and T-lymphocytes homing to the thymus shape T cell development","volume":"204","author":"Santamaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0165","article-title":"Thymic microenvironment: interactions between innate immune cells and developing Thymocytes","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600865549","article-title":"Normal structure, function and histology of the Thymus","volume":"34","author":"Pearse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2003.11.006","article-title":"Histologic and molecular assessment of human thymus","volume":"8","author":"Hale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.011","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive review of immune dysregulation and etiological mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Berrih-Aknin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070240","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis thymus: complement vulnerability of epithelial and myoid cells, complement attack on them, and correlations with autoantibody status","volume":"171","author":"Leite","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.05.020","article-title":"Reflections on the \u201cintrathymic pathogenesis\u201d of myasthenia gravis","volume":"201-202","author":"Hohlfeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22103","article-title":"The thymus in myasthenia gravis: site of \u201cinnate autoimmunity\u201d?","volume":"44","author":"Cavalcante","year":"2011","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i12.980","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and thymic neoplasms: a brief review","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0205","first-page":"527","article-title":"Autoantibodies in Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis with myositis or Neuromyotonia","volume":"57","author":"Mygland","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871201)60:11<2727::AID-CNCR2820601125>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Thymoma. A clinicopathologic review","volume":"60","author":"Lewis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22869.x","article-title":"The pathological basis of Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis","volume":"681","author":"M\u00fcller-Hermelink","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"Sullp 2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0220","first-page":"5","article-title":"Pathological aspects of malignant and benign thymic disorders","volume":"31","author":"M\u00fcller-Hermelink","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.10.1121","article-title":"The natural course of myasthenia gravis: a long term follow up study","volume":"52","author":"Oosterhuis","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0278-6","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: changes observedin a 30-years retrospective clinical study of a hospital-basedpopulation","volume":"251","author":"Potagas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2280","article-title":"Thymoma: state of the art","volume":"17","author":"Thomas","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00001622-200009000-00007","article-title":"Thymoma","volume":"12","author":"M\u00fcller-Hermelink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb51282.x","article-title":"The role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis: immunohistological and immunological studies in 115 cases","volume":"550","author":"Berrih-Aknin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2012.665524","article-title":"Germinal center B-cells","volume":"45","author":"Hamel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13519","article-title":"Thymus involvement in early-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"1412","author":"Cron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220205","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptors in human thymic myoid cells in situ: an immunohistological study","volume":"22","author":"Schluep","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.8.3752","article-title":"Expression of acetylcholine receptor genes in human thymic epithelial cells: implications for myasthenia gravis","volume":"157","author":"Wakkach","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0270","first-page":"341","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit isoforms are differentially expressed in thymuses from myasthenic patients","volume":"150","author":"Andreetta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10954.x","article-title":"Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression in hyperplastic and neoplastic myasthenia gravis thymus","volume":"841","author":"MacLennan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2383","article-title":"The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"108","author":"Meraouna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203203","article-title":"Lymphotoxin \u03b2 receptor regulates the development of CCL21-expressing subset of postnatal medullary thymic epithelial cells","volume":"190","author":"Lkhagvasuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102337","article-title":"Risk factors associated with myasthenia gravis in thymoma patients: the potential role of thymic germinal centers","volume":"106","author":"Lefeuvre","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00087-X","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic extended thymectomy and extended transsternal thymectomy (T-3b) in non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis patients: remission after 6 years of follow-up","volume":"212","author":"Mantegazza","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.21037\/jovs.2017.06.13","article-title":"The results of video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomies in Saint Petersburg, Russia: 20-year of experience","volume":"3","author":"Yablonsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Visualiz Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90260-E","article-title":"Prognosis of myasthenia gravis: a multicenter follow-up study of 844 patients","volume":"106","author":"Beghi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.01.038","article-title":"Assessment of robotic Thymectomy using the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America guidelines","volume":"89","author":"Goldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.11.009","article-title":"Thymectomy is more effective than conservative treatment for myasthenia gravis regarding outcome and clinical improvement","volume":"145","author":"Bachmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30392-2","article-title":"Long-term effect of thymectomy plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in patients with non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: 2-year extension of the MGTX randomised trial","volume":"18","author":"Wolfe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.116191","article-title":"Thymectomy in the treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis","volume":"122","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.4.332","article-title":"Thymectomy in myasthenia with pure ocular symptoms","volume":"48","author":"Schumm","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2014","article-title":"Microscopic-sized \"microthymoma\" in patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"131","author":"Mori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.021","article-title":"Autoimmunizing mechanisms in Thymoma and Thymus","volume":"1132","author":"Willcox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aah4447","article-title":"The human thymus perivascular space is a functional niche for viral-specific plasma cells","volume":"1","author":"Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900","article-title":"Functional defect of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"105","author":"Balandina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007206117","article-title":"Thymus-derived B cell clones persist in the circulation after thymectomy in myasthenia gravis","volume":"117","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.1.159","article-title":"Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis correlates with generation of mature naive CD4(+) T cells in thymomas","volume":"100","author":"Str\u00f6bel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.07.007","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: presentation and treatment depend on prior thymectomy","volume":"194","author":"Minchenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.10.010","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the Thymus and mediastinum: what is new in Thymic epithelial, germ cell, and mesenchymal tumors?","volume":"17","author":"Marx","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000297","article-title":"Histologic classification of thymoma: a practical guide for routine cases","volume":"9","author":"den Bakker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"8526","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90032-8","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptor epitopes on epithelial cells of thymoma in myasthenia gravis","volume":"1","author":"Kirchner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.016","article-title":"Preferential expression of AChR epsilon-subunit in thymomas from patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"201-202","author":"Maclennan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03442.x","article-title":"Expression of autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) and T regulatory cells in human thymomas","volume":"149","author":"Scarpino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"9, Supplement 2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000299","article-title":"Alterations of the immune system in Thymic malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Weksler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20340","article-title":"Selective loss of regulatory T cells in thymomas","volume":"56","author":"Str\u00f6bel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109610","article-title":"Single cell characterization of blood and expanded regulatory T cells in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1","volume":"27","author":"Sj\u00f8gren","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2010.09.007","article-title":"The susceptibility of Aire(\u2212\/\u2212) mice to experimental myasthenia gravis involves alterations in regulatory T cells","volume":"36","author":"Aricha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"10, Supplement 4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S266","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f1f63f","article-title":"The autoimmune regulator AIRE in Thymoma biology: autoimmunity and beyond","volume":"5","author":"Marx","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3872","article-title":"Thymomas alter the T-cell subset composition in the blood: a potential mechanism for thymoma-associated autoimmune disease","volume":"96","author":"Hoffacker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2010.74","article-title":"Thymoma and autoimmunity","volume":"8","author":"Shelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0430","first-page":"939","article-title":"Thymoma, thymic hyperplasia, thymectomy and autoimmune diseases (review)","volume":"10","author":"Sherer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-007-0185-8","article-title":"Immunological function of thymoma and pathogenesis of paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis","volume":"56","author":"Okumura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.07.003","article-title":"AIRE-mutations and autoimmune disease","volume":"43","author":"Bruserud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200523087","article-title":"AIRE deficiency in thymus of 2 patients with Omenn syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Cavadini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200085","article-title":"Reduced number of Thymoma CTLA4-positive cells is associated with a higher probability of developing myasthenia gravis","volume":"10","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Velasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.11.118","article-title":"Paraneoplastic syndromes and Thymic malignancies: an examination of the international Thymic malignancy interest group retrospective database","volume":"13","author":"Padda","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.11.052","article-title":"A systematic review of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymoma: treatment modalities, recurrence, and outcomes in resected cases","volume":"160","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7270","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0735","article-title":"Autoantibody profiles and neurological correlations of thymoma","volume":"10","author":"Vernino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.09.005","article-title":"Thymoma associated with autoimmune diseases: 85 cases and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Bernard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.06.007","article-title":"Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity initially manifested by graft-versus-host disease-like erythroderma: case report and possible therapeutic role of antimalarial drugs","volume":"6","author":"Hile","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-229163","article-title":"Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity","volume":"12","author":"Hung","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i63","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu096.021","article-title":"21. Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity: an unrecognized lupus mimic","volume":"53","author":"Mouyis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.08.033","article-title":"Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity treated with multimodal therapy including extracorporeal photopheresis","volume":"16","author":"Wheat","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s40792-021-01309-1","article-title":"A case of thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity including polymyositis and myocarditis","volume":"7","author":"Furuta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.02.027","article-title":"Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity: a graft-versus-host-like disease","volume":"57","author":"Wadhera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.12.010","article-title":"Subclinical myasthenia gravis in thymomas","volume":"152","author":"Marcuse","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302705","article-title":"Antibodies against the main immunogenic region of the acetylcholine receptor correlate with disease severity in myasthenia gravis","volume":"83","author":"Masuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02935610","article-title":"The main immunogenic region (MIR) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the anti-MIR antibodies","volume":"5","author":"Tzartos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01190.x","article-title":"Anatomy of the antigenic structure of a large membrane autoantigen, the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor","volume":"16","author":"Tzartos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0525","first-page":"245","article-title":"Myasthenogenicity of the main immunogenic region and endogenous muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"45","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0530","first-page":"267","article-title":"Immune complexes (IgG and C3) at the motor end-plate in myasthenia gravis: ultrastructural and light microscopic localization and electrophysiologic correlations","volume":"52","author":"Engel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.003","article-title":"Complement associated pathogenic mechanisms in myasthenia gravis","volume":"12","author":"T\u00fcz\u00fcn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198003000-00005","article-title":"Ultrastructural localization of the terminal and lytic ninth complement component (C9) at the motor end-plate in myasthenia gravis","volume":"39","author":"Sahashi","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00144-0","article-title":"Soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) protects against experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"71","author":"Piddlesden","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115835","article-title":"Role of C5a in inflammatory responses","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0555","series-title":"The human complement system in health and disease","first-page":"83","article-title":"The chemistry and biology of C3, C4, and C5","author":"Lambris","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00262","article-title":"Complement system Part I \u2013 molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00257","article-title":"Complement system Part II: role in immunity","volume":"6","author":"Merle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.05.025","article-title":"Silencing of Dok-7 in adult rat muscle increases susceptibility to passive transfer myasthenia gravis","volume":"186","author":"Gomez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.03.008","article-title":"Silencing rapsyn in vivo decreases acetylcholine receptors and augments sodium channels and secondary postsynaptic membrane folding","volume":"35","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.035","article-title":"Differences in IgG autoantibody fab glycosylation across autoimmune diseases","volume":"151","author":"Koers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1021\/pr1004373","article-title":"IgG fc N-glycosylation changes in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and myasthenia gravis","volume":"10","author":"Selman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325511","article-title":"Rate of change in acetylcholine receptor antibody levels predicts myasthenia gravis outcome","volume":"92","author":"Kojima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209233071301","article-title":"Functional activities of autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors and the clinical severity of myasthenia gravis","volume":"307","author":"Drachman","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.13.4089","article-title":"Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies directed against the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site induce a unique form of experimental myasthenia","volume":"80","author":"Richman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.10.2053","article-title":"Detection and characterization of blocking-type anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"39","author":"Hara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09667-5","article-title":"Frequency and clinical features of treatment-refractory myasthenia gravis","volume":"267","author":"Rath","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790","article-title":"International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary","volume":"87","author":"Sanders","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330519","article-title":"Effectiveness of early cycles of fast-acting treatment in generalised myasthenia gravis","volume":"94","author":"Uzawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419832242","article-title":"Understanding the burden of refractory myasthenia gravis","volume":"12","author":"Schneider-Gold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"7_Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0001051192.25521.0b","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of meningococcal infection with Eculizumab or Ravulizumab in patients with gMG or NMOSD: an analysis of US clinical practice","volume":"103","author":"Pandya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0635","series-title":"Johnson & Johnson Receives FDA approval for IMAAVYTM (nipocalimab-aahu), a new FcRn blocker offering long-lasting disease control in the broadest population of people living with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), Johnson&Johnson, Editor","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0640","author":"Agency, E.M"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229112","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1229112","article-title":"FcRN receptor antagonists in the management of myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Bhandari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124","article-title":"International consensus guidance for management of Myasthenia Gravis","volume":"96","author":"Narayanaswami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.09.056","article-title":"Robotic Thymectomy for Thymomas: a retrospective follow-up study in the Netherlands","volume":"114","author":"Marcuse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2024.06.008","article-title":"The remarkable antitumor efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in patients with refractory thymomas","volume":"62","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21875","article-title":"Preoperative steroid pulse therapy for invasive thymoma","volume":"106","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/med-23-ab002","article-title":"AB002. Prednisone as neoadjuvant therapy in thymomas","volume":"7","author":"Bacchin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mediastinum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102983","article-title":"B cell-specific mAb\u2013siRNA conjugates improve experimental myasthenia","volume":"135","author":"Ibtehaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206139","article-title":"Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the next frontier of B-cell-targeted therapies for Cancer, autoimmune disorders, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801920","article-title":"CXCR4\/CXCL12 Hyperexpression plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of lupus","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4686","article-title":"AMD3100, a potent and specific antagonist of the stromal cell-derived Factor-1 chemokine receptor CXCR4, inhibits autoimmune joint inflammation in IFN-\u03b3 receptor-deficient mice","volume":"167","author":"Matthys","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn105","article-title":"Nonclinical safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of Atacicept","volume":"105","author":"Carbonatto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R48","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2959","article-title":"B-lymphocyte stimulator\/a proliferation-inducing ligand heterotrimers are elevated in the sera of patients with autoimmune disease and are neutralized by atacicept and B-cell maturation antigen-immunoglobulin","volume":"12","author":"Dillon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0705","article-title":"Integrated safety profile of atacicept: an analysis of pooled data from the atacicept clinical trial programme","volume":"3","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.07.011","article-title":"Characterization of the thymus in Lrp4 myasthenia gravis: four cases","volume":"18","author":"Koneczny","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2016001412","article-title":"Bortezomib-based antibody depletion for refractory autoimmune hematological diseases","volume":"1","author":"Ratnasingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003536","article-title":"Bortezomib for treatment of therapy-refractory anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis","volume":"88","author":"Scheibe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317691371","article-title":"Successful treatment of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus using proteasome inhibitor bortezomib followed by belimumab: description of two cases","volume":"26","author":"Sj\u00f6wall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206016","article-title":"The proteasome inhibitior bortezomib depletes plasma cells and ameliorates clinical manifestations of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"74","author":"Alexander","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285617721093","article-title":"Bortezomib in severe MuSK-antibody positive myasthenia gravis: first clinical experience","volume":"10","author":"Schneider-Gold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301555","article-title":"Proteasome inhibition with Bortezomib depletes plasma cells and specific autoantibody production in primary Thymic cell cultures from early-onset myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"193","author":"Gomez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002539","article-title":"Proteasome inhibition with Bortezomib depletes plasma cells and autoantibodies in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"186","author":"Gomez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2010.483303","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy during bortezomib treatment of multiple myeloma: a review of recent studies","volume":"51","author":"Cavaletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-130847","article-title":"Mechanisms of proteasome inhibitor resistance selected by clonal evolution in multiple myeloma","volume":"134","author":"Haertle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0529-1","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitors as experimental therapeutics of autoimmune diseases","volume":"17","author":"Verbrugge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1521432","article-title":"Efficacy of MLN9708 (ixazomib) in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and in anti-AChR producing primary thymic cell cultures from myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"16","author":"Man\u00e9-Damas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903182","article-title":"Prevention of experimental colitis by a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome","volume":"185","author":"Basler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201303543","article-title":"Inhibition of the immunoproteasome ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"6","author":"Basler","year":"2014","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33333","article-title":"Beneficial effect of novel proteasome inhibitors in murine lupus via dual inhibition of type I interferon and autoantibody-secreting cells","volume":"64","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04578.x","article-title":"Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome for Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis, but not for graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism, in mice","volume":"168","author":"Nagayama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1978","article-title":"A selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 blocks cytokine production and attenuates progression of experimental arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Muchamuel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.08.005","article-title":"ONX-0914, a selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome, ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by modulating humoral response","volume":"311","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1578-z","article-title":"Integrative analysis reveals CD38 as a therapeutic target for plasma cell-rich pre-disease and established rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"20","author":"Cole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12389","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 in hematological malignancies and beyond","volume":"270","author":"van de Donk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.119.256602","article-title":"A reduction in B, T, and natural killer cells expressing CD38 by TAK-079 inhibits the induction and progression of collagen-induced arthritis in Cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"370","author":"Korver","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Experiment Therap"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00194-1","article-title":"Safety and clinical activity of autologous RNA chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG-001): a prospective, multicentre, open-label, non-randomised phase 1b\/2a study","volume":"22","author":"Granit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02017-5","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"28","author":"Mackensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01278-3","article-title":"Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy CT103A in relapsed or refractory AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: phase 1 trial interim results","volume":"8","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00043-z","article-title":"B cell lineage reconstitution underlies CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis","volume":"16","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00375-7","article-title":"Anti-CD19 CAR T cells for refractory myasthenia gravis","volume":"22","author":"Haghikia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-226017","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and autoantibody seroconversion with CD19-CAR T cell therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and coexisting myasthenia gravis","volume":"83","author":"Haghikia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.04.014","article-title":"Treatment of concomitant myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome with autologous CD19-targeted CAR T cells","volume":"112","author":"Motte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12367-4","article-title":"Bispecific BCMA\/CD19 targeted CAR-T cell therapy forces sustained disappearance of symptoms and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in refractory myasthenia gravis: a case report","volume":"271","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-024-00750-2","article-title":"CAR T therapies in multiple myeloma: unleashing the future","volume":"31","author":"Sheykhhasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0860","article-title":"Immunotherapy targeting B cells and long-lived plasma cells effectively eliminates pre-existing donor-specific Allo-antibodies","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00140-6","article-title":"B cell-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells as an emerging therapy in neuroimmunological diseases","volume":"23","author":"Haghikia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["Autoimmunity Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997225001351?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568997225001351?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T04:11:03Z","timestamp":1764648663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568997225001351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":173,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1568997225001351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-9972"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-9972","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Myasthenia gravis with antibodies against the AChR, current knowledge on pathophysiology and an update on treatment strategies with special focus on targeting plasma cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Autoimmunity Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103875","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103875"}}